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Developmental Psycholinguistics > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Linguistic competence

A

being able to produce and understand grammatical and meaning utterances

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2
Q

communicative competence

A

being able to use grammatical structures in a socially appropriate way

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3
Q

coordinate conjunctions

A

join main clauses

FANBOYS

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4
Q

subordinate conjunctions

A

link a subordinate to a main clause

because and while

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5
Q

subordinating index

A

how many clauses are in each utterance [SI-1]

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6
Q

c unit

A

is a main clause and its subordinating clauses

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7
Q

3 influences that affect communicative competence

A
  1. family
  2. birth order (later born children have more grammatical errors, and usually need to compete with older child for attention so they need good communication skills)
  3. school
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8
Q

How is theory of mind related to language development?

A
  • children with autism have difficulty with ToM tasks
  • children under 4 have difficulty with sally/ann tasks
  • correlates with development but is not causal
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9
Q

dore’s primitive speech acts

A

distinctive vocalizations or words often accompanied by a gesture to communicate intentions

-emerges during the illocutionary period (10 mos)

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10
Q

what makes a conversation work?

A
  • quanity (provide right amt of info)
  • quality (be honest)
  • relation (be relevant)
  • manner (be clear)

(Grice’s Maxims)

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11
Q

what indicates that a turn has ended for a toddler?

A
  • gestures,
  • facial expressions
  • intonation
  • cues
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12
Q

how many turns per topic for older preschoolers? 5 YOs?

A
  • 5

- 10

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13
Q

toddler topic initiation

A

conversation typically arises from something that has just engaged their attention

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14
Q

preschooler topic initiation

A

conversation will frequently begin by addressing their listener to establish an audience (mommy)

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15
Q

when is a word considered a word?

A

when it is used consistently in connection to the adult form of the word

ex) baba for bottle

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16
Q

why are nouns most prevalent in toddlers early lexicons?

A
  • they are most tangible
  • tend to be at the end of utterances making them more noticeable
  • common in caregivers speech
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17
Q

context bound words

A

words only used in 1 context

ex) saying hello when playing with a phone but not when people walk into the room

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18
Q

referential words

A

child is using a word for everything that “type”

ex) dog for all animals

similar to overgeneralizations

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19
Q

underextentions

A
  • context bound
  • child has narrower meaning of the word

ex) doggie for only big dogs

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20
Q

overextensions

A
  • do not necessarily overextend in perception
    ex) show child pic of cat and dog and ask to point to dog and child points to dog
  • bc they know cat is different but they don’t know “cat” yet
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21
Q

referential learner

A

(object) vocab dominated by words for objects (nouns), mothers spend more time naming, more likely to be first born child of college educated parents, use analytic approach to learning

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22
Q

expressive learner

A

(functional) relatively more of other types of words, more useful social expressions, not quite noun dominated, but still many nouns

23
Q

analytic

A

breaks language into pieces and puts together (ref. vocab)

24
Q

holistic

A

looks at language in larger chunks (exp vocal)

25
Q

word segmentation at 9 months

A
  • track statistics of segments and syllables
  • use rhythmics and phonotactic cues
  • child directd speech helps because utterances are shorter, exaggerated intonation and stress patterns highlight words
26
Q

whole object assumption

A
  • new word refers to a while object
27
Q

assumption of mutual exclusivity

A

-assume different words refer to different things

28
Q

taxonomic assumption

A

assume word refers to thing of the same category

29
Q

fast mapping

A

creating a sense of meaning of words after hearing a small number of times

30
Q

clark’s semantic features hypothesis

A

-child relate words together because of physical features

size, color, shape

31
Q

nelson’s functional core hyptothesis

A

meaning for words are based on functions

spoon=eat

32
Q

browerman’s prototypic complex hypothesis

A
  • organize words according to prototypes
  • meaning based on early experiences

ex) bird
________
robin
vs parrot

33
Q

perlocutionary stage

A

0-10 months

no intentionality

34
Q

illocutionary stage

A

6-12

intentionality w.o language

35
Q

locutionary stage

A

12 months

intentionality with language

36
Q

protoimperatives

A

early behaviors (gestures and vocal) that suggest commanding or requesting action

37
Q

protodeclaritives

A

early behaviors (gestures and vocal) that have goal of getting listener’s attentions

38
Q

discourse

A

language in units larger than a sentence

  • narative
  • convo
  • exposition (providing info)
39
Q

presupposition

A

the ability to judge the listener’s abilities, experiences, and awareness of relevant info
-related to theory of mind

40
Q

macrostructure of narratives

A

general structure: story grammar

41
Q

microstructure of narratives

A

local, more specific properties

42
Q

cohesive markers

A

linguistic devices that function to make connections, ties, among sentences

43
Q

5 types of cohesion

A
  1. reference (pronouns)
  2. conjunctive (temporal, causal)
  3. lexical
  4. substitution
  5. ellipsis (leaving out words)
44
Q

topic centered narrative

A

has a central theme

45
Q

topic associating narrative

A

loosely related narrative

46
Q

register

A

different styles of speech in different situation
ex code switching
-young children know how to use registers

47
Q

joint attention

A

10 months

48
Q

verbal turn taking

A

16 months

49
Q

imaginative language functions

A

24 months

50
Q

primitive narrative and conversational repairs

A

40months

51
Q

contract true narratives

A

48 months

52
Q

communicative competence at 7-8 years

A

uses and understands most deictic terms, produces narrative plots containing beginning end problem and resolution

53
Q

communicative competence at 11-12 years

A

sustains abstract topics of conversation

54
Q

deictic

A

terms that change depending on perspective

Developmental Psycholinguistics (8 decks)

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