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Horse > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Define

Foal

A

Young un-weaned horse of any sex

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2
Q

Define

Weanling

A
  • Weaned horse
  • Age 6 months to 1 year old
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3
Q

Define

Yearling

A

Animal between 1-2 years of age

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4
Q

Define

Filly

A

Female horse until the age of 4

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5
Q

Define

Colt

A

Male horse until the age of 4

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6
Q

Define

Mare

A

Female horse over the age of 4

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7
Q

Define

Stallion

A

Male horse over the age of 4

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8
Q

Define

Gelding

A

Castrated male horse

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9
Q

Horse
GI Auscultation

A
  • Done at upper left, lower left, upper right and lower right quadrants of flank
  • Listen for 1 minute in each quadrant
  • Record borborygmi
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10
Q

Borborygmi

A

Intestinal Motility Sounds
* sound like thunder or approaching freight train
* normal is 1-3 / minute in each quadrant

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11
Q

Horse
GI Motility Chart

A
  • 0 = no motility heard
  • +1 = hypomotility
  • +2 = normal
  • +3 = hypermotility
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12
Q

Horse
Passive Transfer

A

Obtained via colustrum by foals from mom
* contains protective antibodies
* gut will only absorb them for about 24 hours; very important for foal to get

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13
Q

Failure of Passive Transfer

A

Occurs when foal does not receive protective antibodies from colostrum
* snap test performed with blood (IgG)
* goal: >800
* failure = <400

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14
Q

Failure of Passive Transfer
Treatment

A
  • IV administration of plasma
  • Repeat snap test until normal
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15
Q

Horse
Lameness Grading Scale

A
  • Grade 1: hard to observe; not consistent
  • Grade 2: hard to observe during walk / trot, but consistent
  • Grade 3: seen during trot
  • Grade 4: obvious during walk
  • Grade 5: unable to bear weight on limb or move at all
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16
Q

Horse
Lameness Exam

A

Identify the limb(s)
* observe horse at rest
* palpate limbs
* hoof testers
* jog the horse
* flexion tests

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17
Q

Horse
Flexon Tests

A
  • Flex various segments of limbs
  • Do for 30 - 90 seconds
  • Then immediately jog horse
  • Observe for lameness
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18
Q

Horse
“Down on the Sound”

A

Horse’s head will lower as the unaffected limb touches the ground, and rise as the affected limb touches the ground
* hip hike indicates hindlimp (rises when limb down)

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19
Q

Horse
Common Lameness of the Feet

A
  • Hoof Abscess / Solar Bruising
  • Navicular Syndrome
  • Laminitis
  • Fracture of 3rd Phalanx (P3)
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20
Q

Horse
Navicular Syndrome

A
  • Degenerative change in navicular bone
  • Diagnosed via x-ray
  • Treatment involves increased blood flow and improve bone density
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21
Q

Horse
Bone Spavin

A

Lameness in the lower 3 hock joints caused by
* osteoarthritis OR
* final phase of DJD

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22
Q

Horse
Common Bandaging Areas

A

Head
Tail
Limbs
* cannon bone region
* hoof
* carpus
* hock

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23
Q

Horse
Bandaging Carpus and Hock

A

Carpus
* avoid pressure to accessory carpal bone

Hock
* avoid pressure to hock and tendons

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24
Q

Horse
Bandage Bow

A

Excessive, uneven pressure across back of leg
* confirm tendon is okay
* stall rest

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25
Q

Horse
Polo Wraps

A
  • Used for support during exercise
  • Non-quilted, fleece or flannel material
  • Wraps around area extending below carpus to just below fetlock
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26
Q

Horse
Standing Bandaging / Wraps

A
  • Extends from below carpus to just below fetlock
  • Used for support, especially with injuries / wounds
  • Quilted, with stretchy overlying track bandage
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27
Q

Horse
Sweat Wraps

A

Help reduce swelling
* generate heat
* pressure and support applied to area
* dilates vessels and increases blood flow

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28
Q

Horse
Complications of Anesthesia

A
  • Muscle weakness after - unable to get up or have muscle necrosis
  • Injury during recovery - corneal ulcerns or limb fractures
  • Nerve paralysis (facial)
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29
Q

Horses
Facial Paralysis

A

Occurs after anesthesia when pressure has been applied to the facial nerve for a prolonged time
* prevent by removing halter beforehand and providing proper facial bedding on downside of face

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30
Q

Define

Calves

A

Baby cows
* male: bull
* female: heifer

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31
Q

Define

Heifer

A

Young female cow that has not calved

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32
Q

Define

Bull

A

Intact male cow

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33
Q

Define

Steer

A

Castrated male cow

34
Q

Define

Cow

A

Female that has calved

35
Q

Define

Calving

A

Act of giving birth for cows

36
Q

Cow
Rumen Contractions

A

Palpate left paralumbar fossa
* normal: 1-3 / minute
* listen and feel
* feel for gas cap (ping), fiber matt, and liquid layer

37
Q
A

Guernsey
* adaptable
* gentle

38
Q
A

Jersey
* can be nervous
* bulls can be aggressive

39
Q
A

Brown Swiss
* high heat tolerance

40
Q
A

Shorthorn
* beef cattle
* easy to handle
* good milkers

41
Q

Cow
Dental Pad

A
  • Cows lack upper incisors
  • Instead they had a dental pad
  • Allows them to collect large quantities of food
42
Q

Cow
Gut Pings

A

Sound made from gas / fluid interactions
* may be associated with displaced abomasum

43
Q

Cow
Abomasum Displacement

A

LDA
* left
* not emergent
* floating

RDA
* right
* emergency
* torsion

44
Q

Cow
Wither Pinch Test

A

Perform on cows standing hunched with abdominal pain
* pinch withers with 2 hands
* normal: flex ventrally away from pressure
* abnormal: painful or resist flexing
* listen for ventral trachae grunting

45
Q

Cow
Hardware Disease

A

Ingestion of metalic object perforates wall of reticulum
* more common in dairy than beef

46
Q

Cow
Grunt Test

A

Use a board to apply upward pressure to xiphoid
* listen to ventral trachae for grunt
* may hear heart arrhythmia if GI disease present

47
Q

Rumination

A

When the cud is regurgitated and re-chewed
* animal is lying down
* second swallow bypasses rumen
* food finally processed

48
Q

Ruminant
Stomach Compartments

A
  • Rumen: largest, 1st
  • Reticulum: regurgitates large pieces
  • Omasum
  • Abomasum: true stomach
49
Q

Define

Doe / Nanny

A

Female goat

50
Q

Define

Buck

A

Male goat

51
Q

Define

Billy / Billy Goat

A

Intact male goat

52
Q

Define

Wether Goat

A

Castrated male goat

53
Q

Define

Doelings

A
  • Baby female goats
  • Young females up to a year old
54
Q

Define

Bucklings

A
  • Baby male goats
  • Young male intact goats up to a year old
55
Q

Define

Kids

A

Baby goats
* under a year of age

56
Q

Goat
Rumen Contractions

A

1 - 2 / minute

57
Q

Aging Goats

A

Done by dentition
* look at incisors
* start to show after 1 year
* inside incisors “enlarge” first
* works outside as animal ages

58
Q

Caseous Lymphadenitis

A

Affects goat’s lymph nodes
* highly contagious respiratory disease
* endemic on farms
* caused by bacteria that colonies lymph nodes
* affects thoracic LN

59
Q

Contagious Ecthyma

A
  • Known for many names, including orf
  • Formation of ulcers, blisters, and other lesions around and inside the goat’s mouth
  • Zoonotic
60
Q

Goat
IM Injection Sites

A
  • Gluteal
  • Lateral Cervical (side of neck)
  • Longissimus (along side of spine)
61
Q

Llama va Alpaca

A
  • Alpacas are smaller
  • Alpaca fibers are crimp and luster
  • Llama have dual-fiber coats, fine covering that’s mixed with long guard hairs
62
Q

Alpaca
Terms

A
  • Female: hembra
  • Male: macho
  • Baby: cria
  • Castrated Male: gelding
63
Q
A

Huacaya Alpaca

64
Q
A

Suri Alpaca

65
Q

Alpaca
Digestive System

A

Consists of 3 Compartments
* C1
* C2
* C3

66
Q

Define

Sow

A

Intact female pig

67
Q

Define

Boar

A

Intact male pig

68
Q

Define

Barrow

A

Castrated male pig

69
Q

Define

Gilt

A

Intact female pig that has not had babies

70
Q

Define

Piglet

A

Birth to weaning

71
Q

Swine
Terms by weight

A
  • Pigs: < 120 lbs
  • Hog: > 120 lbs
72
Q
A

Berkshire
* black hair with 6 points
* erect ears

73
Q
A

Hampshire

74
Q
A

Duroc
* most popular
* always has red coloration

75
Q
A

Poland China
* one of the largest breeds
* black with 6 white points
* forward-drooping ears

76
Q

Swine
Bump Weaning

A

Removing several piglets from larger litters and placing them with smaller ones
* helps ensure all have enough to eat
* smaller ones chosen (fallbacks)

77
Q

Swine
IM Injection

A

Give behind ears in dorsal neck muscles
* avoid prime cut meats areas

78
Q

Swine
SQ Injections

A

Axillary and Inguinal
* restrained by legs (hanging)
* use is <50 lbs
* 1-2 mL able to be given

Behind Base of Ear
* >50 lbs
* 3 mL able to be given

79
Q

Swine
Venipuncture Locations

A
  • Lateral auricular vein (dorsal side of pinna)
  • Coccygeal vein (not ideal, only for adults)
  • Cranial vena cava (most used, right side ONLY; phrenic nerve on left)
  • Jugular (more difficult, right side ONLY; blind stick, go perp to skin)
  • Cephalic
  • Medial canthus of eye (orbital sinus)
80
Q

Mr. Ed
Horse

A
  • Palomino
  • Cream color
  • White blaze (stripe) down face
81
Q

What breed is “Miss Piggy”?

A

Mangalitsa Pig

Horse (6 decks)

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