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Final Flashcards

1
Q

Define

Foal

A

Young un-weaned horse of any sex

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2
Q

Define

Weanling

A
  • Weaned horse
  • Age 6 months to 1 year old
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3
Q

Define

Yearling

A

Animal between 1-2 years of age

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4
Q

Define

Filly

A

Female horse until the age of 4

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5
Q

Define

Colt

A

Male horse until the age of 4

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6
Q

Define

Mare

A

Female horse over the age of 4

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7
Q

Define

Stallion

A

Male horse over the age of 4

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8
Q

Define

Gelding

A

Castrated male horse

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9
Q

Horse
GI Auscultation

A
  • Done at upper left, lower left, upper right and lower right quadrants of flank
  • Listen for 1 minute in each quadrant
  • Record borborygmi
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10
Q

Borborygmi

A

Intestinal Motility Sounds
* sound like thunder or approaching freight train
* normal is 1-3 / minute in each quadrant

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11
Q

Horse
GI Motility Chart

A
  • 0 = no motility heard
  • +1 = hypomotility
  • +2 = normal
  • +3 = hypermotility
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12
Q

Horse
Passive Transfer

A

Obtained via colustrum by foals from mom
* contains protective antibodies
* gut will only absorb them for about 24 hours; very important for foal to get

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13
Q

Failure of Passive Transfer

A

Occurs when foal does not receive protective antibodies from colostrum
* snap test performed with blood (IgG)
* goal: >800
* failure = <400

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14
Q

Failure of Passive Transfer
Treatment

A
  • IV administration of plasma
  • Repeat snap test until normal
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15
Q

Horse
Lameness Grading Scale

A
  • Grade 1: hard to observe; not consistent
  • Grade 2: hard to observe during walk / trot, but consistent
  • Grade 3: seen during trot
  • Grade 4: obvious during walk
  • Grade 5: unable to bear weight on limb or move at all
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16
Q

Horse
Lameness Exam

A

Identify the limb(s)
* observe horse at rest
* palpate limbs
* hoof testers
* jog the horse
* flexion tests

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17
Q

Horse
Flexon Tests

A
  • Flex various segments of limbs
  • Do for 30 - 90 seconds
  • Then immediately jog horse
  • Observe for lameness
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18
Q

Horse
“Down on the Sound”

A

Horse’s head will lower as the unaffected limb touches the ground, and rise as the affected limb touches the ground
* hip hike indicates hindlimp (rises when limb down)

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19
Q

Horse
Common Lameness of the Feet

A
  • Hoof Abscess / Solar Bruising
  • Navicular Syndrome
  • Laminitis
  • Fracture of 3rd Phalanx (P3)
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20
Q

Horse
Navicular Syndrome

A
  • Degenerative change in navicular bone
  • Diagnosed via x-ray
  • Treatment involves increased blood flow and improve bone density
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21
Q

Horse
Bone Spavin

A

Lameness in the lower 3 hock joints caused by
* osteoarthritis OR
* final phase of DJD

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22
Q

Horse
Common Bandaging Areas

A

Head
Tail
Limbs
* cannon bone region
* hoof
* carpus
* hock

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23
Q

Horse
Bandaging Carpus and Hock

A

Carpus
* avoid pressure to accessory carpal bone

Hock
* avoid pressure to hock and tendons

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24
Q

Horse
Bandage Bow

A

Excessive, uneven pressure across back of leg
* confirm tendon is okay
* stall rest

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25
Horse Polo Wraps
* Used for support during exercise * Non-quilted, fleece or flannel material * Wraps around area extending below carpus to just below fetlock
26
Horse Standing Bandaging / Wraps
* Extends from below carpus to just below fetlock * Used for support, especially with injuries / wounds * Quilted, with stretchy overlying track bandage
27
Horse Sweat Wraps
Help reduce swelling * generate heat * pressure and support applied to area * dilates vessels and increases blood flow
28
Horse Complications of Anesthesia
* Muscle weakness after - unable to get up or have muscle necrosis * Injury during recovery - corneal ulcerns or limb fractures * Nerve paralysis (facial)
29
Horses Facial Paralysis
Occurs after anesthesia when pressure has been applied to the facial nerve for a prolonged time * prevent by removing halter beforehand and providing proper facial bedding on downside of face
30
# Define Calves
Baby cows * male: bull * female: heifer
31
# Define Heifer
Young female cow that has not calved
32
# Define Bull
Intact male cow
33
# Define Steer
Castrated male cow
34
# Define Cow
Female that has calved
35
# Define Calving
Act of giving birth for cows
36
Cow Rumen Contractions
Palpate left paralumbar fossa * normal: 1-3 / minute * listen and feel * feel for gas cap (ping), fiber matt, and liquid layer
37
Guernsey * adaptable * gentle
38
Jersey * can be nervous * bulls can be aggressive
39
Brown Swiss * high heat tolerance
40
Shorthorn * beef cattle * easy to handle * good milkers
41
Cow Dental Pad
* Cows lack upper incisors * Instead they had a dental pad * Allows them to collect large quantities of food
42
Cow Gut Pings
Sound made from gas / fluid interactions * may be associated with displaced abomasum
43
Cow Abomasum Displacement
LDA * left * not emergent * floating RDA * right * emergency * torsion
44
Cow Wither Pinch Test
Perform on cows standing hunched with abdominal pain * pinch withers with 2 hands * normal: flex ventrally away from pressure * abnormal: painful or resist flexing * listen for ventral trachae grunting
45
Cow Hardware Disease
Ingestion of metalic object perforates wall of reticulum * more common in dairy than beef
46
Cow Grunt Test
Use a board to apply upward pressure to xiphoid * listen to ventral trachae for grunt * may hear heart arrhythmia if GI disease present
47
Rumination
When the cud is regurgitated and re-chewed * animal is lying down * second swallow bypasses rumen * food finally processed
48
Ruminant Stomach Compartments
* Rumen: largest, 1st * Reticulum: regurgitates large pieces * Omasum * Abomasum: true stomach
49
# Define Doe / Nanny
Female goat
50
# Define Buck
Male goat
51
# Define Billy / Billy Goat
Intact male goat
52
# Define Wether Goat
Castrated male goat
53
# Define Doelings
* Baby female goats * Young females up to a year old
54
# Define Bucklings
* Baby male goats * Young male intact goats up to a year old
55
# Define Kids
Baby goats * under a year of age
56
Goat Rumen Contractions
1 - 2 / minute
57
Aging Goats
Done by dentition * look at incisors * start to show after 1 year * inside incisors "enlarge" first * works outside as animal ages
58
Caseous Lymphadenitis
Affects goat's lymph nodes * highly contagious respiratory disease * endemic on farms * caused by bacteria that colonies lymph nodes * affects thoracic LN
59
Contagious Ecthyma
* Known for many names, including orf * Formation of ulcers, blisters, and other lesions around and inside the goat's mouth * Zoonotic
60
Goat IM Injection Sites
* Gluteal * Lateral Cervical (side of neck) * Longissimus (along side of spine)
61
Llama va Alpaca
* Alpacas are smaller * Alpaca fibers are crimp and luster * Llama have dual-fiber coats, fine covering that's mixed with long guard hairs
62
Alpaca Terms
* Female: hembra * Male: macho * Baby: cria * Castrated Male: gelding
63
Huacaya Alpaca
64
Suri Alpaca
65
Alpaca Digestive System
Consists of 3 Compartments * C1 * C2 * C3
66
# Define Sow
Intact female pig
67
# Define Boar
Intact male pig
68
# Define Barrow
Castrated male pig
69
# Define Gilt
Intact female pig that has not had babies
70
# Define Piglet
Birth to weaning
71
Swine Terms by weight
* Pigs: < 120 lbs * Hog: > 120 lbs
72
Berkshire * black hair with 6 points * erect ears
73
Hampshire
74
Duroc * most popular * always has red coloration
75
Poland China * one of the largest breeds * black with 6 white points * forward-drooping ears
76
Swine Bump Weaning
Removing several piglets from larger litters and placing them with smaller ones * helps ensure all have enough to eat * smaller ones chosen (fallbacks)
77
Swine IM Injection
Give behind ears in dorsal neck muscles * avoid prime cut meats areas
78
Swine SQ Injections
**Axillary and Inguinal** * restrained by legs (hanging) * use is <50 lbs * 1-2 mL able to be given **Behind Base of Ear** * >50 lbs * 3 mL able to be given
79
Swine Venipuncture Locations
* Lateral auricular vein (dorsal side of pinna) * Coccygeal vein (not ideal, only for adults) * Cranial vena cava (most used, right side ONLY; phrenic nerve on left) * Jugular (more difficult, right side ONLY; blind stick, go perp to skin) * Cephalic * Medial canthus of eye (orbital sinus)
80
Mr. Ed Horse
* Palomino * Cream color * White blaze (stripe) down face
81
What breed is "Miss Piggy"?
Mangalitsa Pig

Horse (6 decks)

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