Final 150 Study Guide Part 2 Flashcards
Election of 1800
Election between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson where each side believed that if the other side won it would ruin the nation
Louisiana Purchase
The purchase of the Louisiana Territory from the French in 1803
Lewis and Clark Expedition
The first expedition into the newly purchased US territory
Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake
Impressment- the act of recruiting men into the military or navy without giving the person a choice
Attack of the Chesapeake- the British attack the USS Chesapeake and the ill-prepared American soldiers could not do much to fight back
War Hawks from the War of 1812
A group of Republicans that were pro-war and were led by Speaker of the House Henry Clay. They argued that military force was the only option left to combat the British.
War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans
British troops occupied Washington DC in 1814, they were easily able beat the American militiamen and walked into Washington DC unopposed
Fort McHenry- successfully defended Baltimore Harbor from the British navy in September 1814
Battle of New Orleans- last major battle of the war of 1812. The American soldiers, led by Major General Andrew Jackson successfully prevented the British from taking over New Orleans
The Star Spangled Banner
The national anthem of the United States. Was written by Francis Scott Keys after witnessing the Battle of Fort McHenry
Monroe Doctrine
Stated that that the Old World and New World were different systems and should remain seperated. It made four points, that the US would not interfere with international affairs, the US would not interfere with Western colonies, the West was for full colonization, and any attempt to control any part of the western territory by the French would be seen as a hostile act against the US.
Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration
Potatoes were a very important crop in Ireland, so when there were no potatoes growing, they were forced to move to the US
Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention
Held first women’s rights convention at Seneca Falls, New York
Industrial Revolution
The transition to the new manufacturing process from 1760 to approximately 1840. This is when factories and industry began to be very widespread through the North.
Capitalism
An economic system that is based on private ownership of the means of production and goods or services for a profit
Free Enterprise System
An economic system in which the government places few restrictions on the type of business activities/ownerships citizens participate in
Supply and Demand
The amount of a product that is available and the desire for it from the buyers
Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s
Cotton
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important
It was important because it helped get seeds out of cotton much faster than they could before. That was important because it meant more cotton for clothing and textiles
Urban vs Rural
Urban-city
Rural-country
Wilderness Road
Trail formed in 1775 byDaniel Boone from Cumberland Gap to the Ohio River. The Wilderness Road was used by many settlers to travel further west
Daniel Boone
Man who blazed the Wilderness Trail. American explorer, pioneer, frontiersman, and woodsman. He is most famous for exploring and settling part of what was Virginia, but is now Kentucky
Cumberland Gap
Narrow pass through ridge of Cumberland Mountains in the Appalachian Mountains, near the junction of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia
The Corrupt Bargain
Henry Clay, the speaker of the house, meets with John Adams and agrees to use his influences to help Adams get the House of Representatives vote
Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank
Spoils system- replacing current government employees with supporters of the winner
Jackson tried to kill the bank by withdrawing all federal funds from the national bank and placed them in smaller, state banks. He succeed, but caused an economic depression
Indian Removal Act
Act passed by congress in order to relocate Native Americans
Trail of Tears
The trail taken by the Cherokee in their relocation from Georgia to Oklahoma
Sequoyah
Known for creating written Cherokee language
William Henry Harrison’s Presidency
Inauguration speech gave on March 4, 1841, and lasted over 2 hours. He died of pneumonia on April 4, 1841. He had the shortest presidency at 32 days
Manifest Destiny
The belief that America should extend its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean
Texas Rebellion
Texas rebelled and became the Lone Star Republic
The Alamo – battle significance
It bought the Texans some much needed time
Davy Crockett
A backwoodsman from Tennessee who volunteered to fight at the Alamo
Oregon Trail
1841-1869
Used by settlers migrating to the Pacific Northwest
James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?
Manifest Destiny
Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession
US believed the border was the Rio Grande River and Mexico believed it was the Nueces river, 150 miles north
Mexican Cession- ceded California and New Mexico and US gave them $15 million in return
John Sutter and the California Gold Rush
Person who started the California Gold Rush. He was the first person to find gold on his property, which attracted other settlers. He began the California Gold Rush, which doubled the worlds supply of gold.
Brigham Young
Led Mormons to Great Salt Lake in area of Utah
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
Helped preserve balance between North and South. Made to have Maine enter as a free state and have Missouri enter as a slave state
John Brown
Violent abolitionist that believed God had chosen him to end slavery
Harriet Tubman
Famous conductor on the Underground Railroad
Underground Railroad
Network of escape routes out of South for enslaved people
Frederick Douglass
Most well known African American abolitionist
Worked hard to become powerful speaker with wit and wisdom
Edited anti-slavery newspaper called the “North Star”
Believed injustice of slavery destroyed America’s ideas of freedom
1947- friends helped him purchase his freedom from his original slaveholder
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Novel that explored the issue of slavery
Fugitive Slave Act
Required all citizens to help capture runaway slaves in 1850. Anyone who aided a fugitive slave could be fined or imprisoned. Enforcement of this act caused more anger in the North.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Increased amount of territory open to slaveholding in US.
Bleeding Kansas
Kansas became first territory to shed blood in a civil war over slavery
Sumner-Brooks Incident
Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts lashed out against those for slavery, including Andrew P. Butler from SC. Butler’s cousin, Rep. Preston Brooks, walked into senate chamber and hit Sumner with a cane
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
John Brown led 18 men to attack a weapon storage facility in Harpers Ferry ,Virginia. He hoped to start a rebellion against slave owners by arming slaves, but he and his men were quickly defeated
Dred Scott v Sandford
Dread Scott, a slave vs. his owner. His decision basically stated that the Constitution protected slavery
Lincoln-Douglass debates – House Divided Speech
“I believe that this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. A house divided against itself cannot stand”
Election of 1860
Lincoln vs. Douglas
Lincoln won and become 16th President
Causes of the Civil War
Slavery and South seceding
Fort Sumter
Confederate guns opened fire on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861
The Fort Sumter attack marked the beginning of the Civil War
Ulysses S. Grant
Lead the North in the Civil War and became the 18th president
Robert E. Lee
Led South in Civil War
Stonewall Jackson
Considered one of the most gifted tactical commanders in US History
First Battle of Bull Run
The first major battle of the Civil War, fought near town of Manassas Junction and a small river named Bull Run. 30,000 Union troops led by Gen. Irvin McDowell attacked a confederate force led by Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard. Confederate troops became inspired by reinforcements led by General Thomas Jackson
Anaconda Plan
Union war plan to defeat the South by dividing them in 2
54th Massachusetts
The most well know African American regiment
The Battle of Gettysburg
Union forces are greatly outnumbered and are forced to retreat. After 2 days of unsuccessful assaults, Lee plans an attack that he hoped would create panic and destroy the army. It was led by General George Pickett and is remembered as Pickett’s charge
The Battle of Vicksburg
Turning point of Civil War
Sherman’s March to the Sea
General William Tecumseh Sherman led the western army towards Atlanta. After burning Atlanta, Sherman’s army began their historic “march to the sea”towards Savanna, Georgia
Lee Surrendering to Grant
April 9, 1865, Lee and his troops surrendered to Grant in a small Virginia village called Appomattox Court House. The terms of surrender were very forgiving on the Southern troops
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery in 1865
14th Amendment
Gave full citizenship to anyone born in the US, including African Americans in 1866
15th Amendment
Gave African American men the right to vote in 1870
Lincoln Assassination – theater name, murderer, place of death
Ford’s Theatre
John Wilkes Booth
The Petersen House
10 Percent Plan and Radical Republican Plans for Reconstruction
Lincoln’s 10 percent plan- Forgiving on the South
Radical Republicans- wanted a harsher readmission process
Freedman’s Bureau
Agency that helped African Americans make the transition to freedom
Segregation
Separation of races
Jim Crow Laws
Laws that required African Americans and whites to be separated in almost every public place in the South. These laws were upheld in the Landmark court case Plessy v. Ferguson. The court said segregation was legal as long as it was separate AND equal
Ku Klux Klan
The largest anti-African American terrorist organization in the South
