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8th History > Final 150 Study Guide Part 1 > Flashcards

Final 150 Study Guide Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did Europeans come to America to colonize

A

Religious freedom, silver, and gold

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2
Q

Virginia Company

A

A joint stock company that gave a charter to establish Jamestown

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3
Q

Jamestown

A

Had little farm land, was swampy, and was infected with mosquitoes. More time was spent mining than farming.

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4
Q

John Smith

A

Jamestown governor for first two years. He forced settlers to explore and work.

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5
Q

Pocahontas

A

Know for saving John Smith’s life and helped bring peace to British and natives after marrying John Rolfe

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6
Q

John Rolfe

A

He began the growth of tobacco in Jamestown and married Pocahontas

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7
Q

Tobacco

A

It saved Jamestown

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8
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

Uprising 1676-1677 against the colonial government and American Indians in the Virginia Colony. It was led by Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy 29-year-old planter. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies.

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9
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

Founded during Puritan migration in 1606. Located in modern day Massachusetts. They moved there for religious freedom, but it was hard to make a living.

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10
Q

Pilgrims

A

A group of English people who came to America seeking religious freedom. They planned to go to New York, but ended up in Plymouth

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11
Q

Mayflower

A

English ship used by Pilgrims to travel to America.

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12
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

The first written laws for the Pilgrims.

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13
Q

William Bradford

A

Founder and governor for Plymouth Colony

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14
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A

Indians that helped Pilgrims learn to farm and grow food

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15
Q

Puritans

A

Religious group that settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. They were strict and believed in a theocracy for government.

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16
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

Colony formed by around 1000 Puritans from England.

It was based on The Bible

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17
Q

John Winthrop

A

First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

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18
Q

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

A

Both taken to trial for disagreeing with Puritans. They founded the Rhode Island Colony.

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19
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

A series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in Salem. Many were falsely accused and killed

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20
Q

William Penn

A

Quaker who founded Pennsylvania

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21
Q

Quakers

A

Not tolerant of other views, were anti-fighter and had an inner light for salvation

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22
Q

Pacifists

A

Believed that war and violence was unnecessary

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23
Q

James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony

A

Created Georgia to protect t against slavery and alcohol

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24
Q

First Great Awakening

A

A religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730’s and 1740’s and forever changed religion in America

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25
Q

Triangular Trade

A

A system where slaves, manufactured goods, ands crops were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and America

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26
Q

Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union, and Join or Die Cartoon

A

Poor Richard’s Almanack was written by Benjamin Franklin and contained a collection of witty sayings. Albany Plan of Union called for one general government for all 13 colonies. The Join or Die Cartoons were the first political cartoons, which were written by Benjamin Franklin in support of APO.

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27
Q

John Peter Zinger Trial

A

Cases involving Peter Zenger and what he wrote in his newspapers

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28
Q

Cause of the French and Indian War

A

Competition between Britain and France

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29
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Proclamation enacted to calm tension between settlers and Native Americans

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30
Q

Cause of French and Indian War

A

Fighting between France and Britain

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31
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Stopped western expansion past Appalachian mountains to protect Native Americans. Also first law to effect all 13 colonies

32
Q

The Sugar Act

A

A British law passed to raise taxes on sugar

33
Q

The Stamp Act

A

Tax that required settlers to pay taxes on any piece of paper used

34
Q

The Boston Massacre

A

A mob of colonists rebelling against British Soldiers that ended up as a fight, and 3 people were killed

35
Q

The Boston Tea Party

A

A group of colonists dressed as Indians threw all the tea off a British tea ship to rebel against taxes on tea

36
Q

The Intolerable/Coercive Acts

A

A series of acts enacted as a reaction against the Boston Tea Party

37
Q

Patrick Henry

A

A symbol of America’s struggle for self-government and liberty. He is most famously known for saying, “Give me liberty, or give me death”

38
Q

Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty

A

Rebellious men who helped spark the American Revolution composed of men of all walks of life

39
Q

John Hancock

A

Signer of the Declaration of Independence and was governor of Massachusetts.

40
Q

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

A

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to set forth his argument in favor of American independence

41
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Written 1776, written in Philadelphia, written by Thomas Jefferson, It declared America’s independence

42
Q

Cause of American Revolutionary War

A

The British tried to make American colonists pay for war debt from the French and Indian War, But these taxes were considered harsh by the Americans.

43
Q

Loyalists

A

American colonists who were loyal to the British during the American Revolutionary War

44
Q

Patriots

A

Colonists of the 13 colonies who rebelled against British control in the American Revolutionary War

45
Q

Battles of Lexington and Concord

A

The first battles fought in the American Revolutionary War, which occurred on April 19, 1775.

46
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

Turning point of the American Revolutionary War

47
Q

Winter at Valley Forge

A

Winter encampment of 10000-12000 soldier through the winter of 1777. This was a very harsh winter and many soldiers died.

48
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

Battle led by George Washington. It was the last battle of the American Revolutionary War.

49
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

one of the Sons of Liberty, and is known as an American hero, although he betrayed America in 1780 and began to fight for the British

50
Q

Marquis de La Fayette

A

He fought for independence in both the American and French Revolution

51
Q

Friedrich Von Steuben

A

He was in charge of training Washington’s troops in 1778 at Valley Forge

52
Q

Friedrich Von Steuben

A

He was in charge of training Washington’s troops in 1778 at Valley Forge

53
Q

Francis Marion

A

Revolutionary war Militia leader know as “The Swamp Fox” for because of his undercover tactics and guerilla warfare

54
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A

Ended the American Revolutionary War

55
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Admitted new states to the Union and listed a guaranteed bill of rights in the territory

56
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

First written constitution of the United States

57
Q

Shays’ Rebellion

A

Uprising in August 1786-February 1787 in western Massachusetts in opposition to economic conditions and high taxes

58
Q

The Great Compromise

A

An agreement5 between the small and large states that partly defined how much representation each state would have under the Constitution and in legislature

59
Q

The 3/5 Compromise

A

Stated that the population of slaves would be counted as 3/5 in total when appointing new Representatives, Presidential electors, and taxes

60
Q

US Constitution

A

Father is James Madison, ratified in 1787, and was to create a national government with the 3 branches, divides power between the states and the federal government, and provided protection of your personal liberty.

61
Q

Bill of Rights

A

The first 10 Amendments of the US Constitution

62
Q

1st Amendment

A

Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and to petition the Government

63
Q

2nd Amendment

A

The right to bear arms

64
Q

4th Amendment

A

Protection of unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause

65
Q

5th Amendment

A

Natural rights cannot be taken away without the due process of law

66
Q

6th Amendment

A

The right to a speedy and public trial

67
Q

Three Branches of Government and their purpose

A

Judicial Branch-federal courts
Executive Branch-carries out/enforces laws
Legislative Branch-Congress

68
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

Rebellion against taxes placed on whiskey in 1791

69
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

One of the US’s Founding Fathers and New York delegate to the Constitutional Convention

70
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Designed to control activity of foreigners coming to the US during a time of impending war

71
Q

John Sevier

A

Became a hero after he led an army of settlers to the Battle of King Mountain, where his troops won

72
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

The first court case to Declare an act of Congress unconstitutional. The court case was to decide whether or not Marbury would get his job on the Supreme Court

73
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

The first court case to Declare an act of Congress unconstitutional. The court case was to decide whether or not Marbury would get his job on the Supreme Court

74
Q

Judicial review

A

Review by US Supreme Court to decide if a legislative act is Unconstitutional

75
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

Supreme Court case that declared the right of implied powers.

8th History (18 decks)

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