Final 150 Study Guide Part 1 Flashcards
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize
Religious freedom, silver, and gold
Virginia Company
A joint stock company that gave a charter to establish Jamestown
Jamestown
Had little farm land, was swampy, and was infected with mosquitoes. More time was spent mining than farming.
John Smith
Jamestown governor for first two years. He forced settlers to explore and work.
Pocahontas
Know for saving John Smith’s life and helped bring peace to British and natives after marrying John Rolfe
John Rolfe
He began the growth of tobacco in Jamestown and married Pocahontas
Tobacco
It saved Jamestown
Bacon’s Rebellion
Uprising 1676-1677 against the colonial government and American Indians in the Virginia Colony. It was led by Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy 29-year-old planter. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies.
Plymouth Colony
Founded during Puritan migration in 1606. Located in modern day Massachusetts. They moved there for religious freedom, but it was hard to make a living.
Pilgrims
A group of English people who came to America seeking religious freedom. They planned to go to New York, but ended up in Plymouth
Mayflower
English ship used by Pilgrims to travel to America.
Mayflower Compact
The first written laws for the Pilgrims.
William Bradford
Founder and governor for Plymouth Colony
Squanto and Samoset
Indians that helped Pilgrims learn to farm and grow food
Puritans
Religious group that settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. They were strict and believed in a theocracy for government.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Colony formed by around 1000 Puritans from England.
It was based on The Bible
John Winthrop
First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
Both taken to trial for disagreeing with Puritans. They founded the Rhode Island Colony.
Salem Witch Trials
A series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in Salem. Many were falsely accused and killed
William Penn
Quaker who founded Pennsylvania
Quakers
Not tolerant of other views, were anti-fighter and had an inner light for salvation
Pacifists
Believed that war and violence was unnecessary
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
Created Georgia to protect t against slavery and alcohol
First Great Awakening
A religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730’s and 1740’s and forever changed religion in America
Triangular Trade
A system where slaves, manufactured goods, ands crops were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and America
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union, and Join or Die Cartoon
Poor Richard’s Almanack was written by Benjamin Franklin and contained a collection of witty sayings. Albany Plan of Union called for one general government for all 13 colonies. The Join or Die Cartoons were the first political cartoons, which were written by Benjamin Franklin in support of APO.
John Peter Zinger Trial
Cases involving Peter Zenger and what he wrote in his newspapers
Cause of the French and Indian War
Competition between Britain and France
Proclamation of 1763
Proclamation enacted to calm tension between settlers and Native Americans
Cause of French and Indian War
Fighting between France and Britain
Proclamation of 1763
Stopped western expansion past Appalachian mountains to protect Native Americans. Also first law to effect all 13 colonies
The Sugar Act
A British law passed to raise taxes on sugar
The Stamp Act
Tax that required settlers to pay taxes on any piece of paper used
The Boston Massacre
A mob of colonists rebelling against British Soldiers that ended up as a fight, and 3 people were killed
The Boston Tea Party
A group of colonists dressed as Indians threw all the tea off a British tea ship to rebel against taxes on tea
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
A series of acts enacted as a reaction against the Boston Tea Party
Patrick Henry
A symbol of America’s struggle for self-government and liberty. He is most famously known for saying, “Give me liberty, or give me death”
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
Rebellious men who helped spark the American Revolution composed of men of all walks of life
John Hancock
Signer of the Declaration of Independence and was governor of Massachusetts.
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to set forth his argument in favor of American independence
Declaration of Independence
Written 1776, written in Philadelphia, written by Thomas Jefferson, It declared America’s independence
Cause of American Revolutionary War
The British tried to make American colonists pay for war debt from the French and Indian War, But these taxes were considered harsh by the Americans.
Loyalists
American colonists who were loyal to the British during the American Revolutionary War
Patriots
Colonists of the 13 colonies who rebelled against British control in the American Revolutionary War
Battles of Lexington and Concord
The first battles fought in the American Revolutionary War, which occurred on April 19, 1775.
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the American Revolutionary War
Winter at Valley Forge
Winter encampment of 10000-12000 soldier through the winter of 1777. This was a very harsh winter and many soldiers died.
Battle of Yorktown
Battle led by George Washington. It was the last battle of the American Revolutionary War.
Benedict Arnold
one of the Sons of Liberty, and is known as an American hero, although he betrayed America in 1780 and began to fight for the British
Marquis de La Fayette
He fought for independence in both the American and French Revolution
Friedrich Von Steuben
He was in charge of training Washington’s troops in 1778 at Valley Forge
Friedrich Von Steuben
He was in charge of training Washington’s troops in 1778 at Valley Forge
Francis Marion
Revolutionary war Militia leader know as “The Swamp Fox” for because of his undercover tactics and guerilla warfare
Treaty of Paris 1783
Ended the American Revolutionary War
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Admitted new states to the Union and listed a guaranteed bill of rights in the territory
Articles of Confederation
First written constitution of the United States
Shays’ Rebellion
Uprising in August 1786-February 1787 in western Massachusetts in opposition to economic conditions and high taxes
The Great Compromise
An agreement5 between the small and large states that partly defined how much representation each state would have under the Constitution and in legislature
The 3/5 Compromise
Stated that the population of slaves would be counted as 3/5 in total when appointing new Representatives, Presidential electors, and taxes
US Constitution
Father is James Madison, ratified in 1787, and was to create a national government with the 3 branches, divides power between the states and the federal government, and provided protection of your personal liberty.
Bill of Rights
The first 10 Amendments of the US Constitution
1st Amendment
Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and to petition the Government
2nd Amendment
The right to bear arms
4th Amendment
Protection of unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
5th Amendment
Natural rights cannot be taken away without the due process of law
6th Amendment
The right to a speedy and public trial
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
Judicial Branch-federal courts
Executive Branch-carries out/enforces laws
Legislative Branch-Congress
Whiskey Rebellion
Rebellion against taxes placed on whiskey in 1791
Alexander Hamilton
One of the US’s Founding Fathers and New York delegate to the Constitutional Convention
Alien and Sedition Acts
Designed to control activity of foreigners coming to the US during a time of impending war
John Sevier
Became a hero after he led an army of settlers to the Battle of King Mountain, where his troops won
Marbury v. Madison
The first court case to Declare an act of Congress unconstitutional. The court case was to decide whether or not Marbury would get his job on the Supreme Court
Marbury v. Madison
The first court case to Declare an act of Congress unconstitutional. The court case was to decide whether or not Marbury would get his job on the Supreme Court
Judicial review
Review by US Supreme Court to decide if a legislative act is Unconstitutional
McCulloch v. Maryland
Supreme Court case that declared the right of implied powers.
