Chapter 9 Flashcards
What limits the power of the gov’t and protects the rights of the individual?
The Bill of Rights
What amendments make up the Bill of Rights?
1-10
What is the difference between a law and an amendment?
A law is a bill that gets passed and an amendment is a change to an existing law
How does an amendment get proposed?
2/3 of Congress or 2/3 of the states
How does an amendment then get ratified?
3/4 of state legislative agree on the amendment
What five civil liberties does the 1st Amendment protect?
Freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and to petition the gov’t
What does the 2nd Amendment give you the right to own?
Firearms
What does the 4th Amendment protect you from? (Placed as a result of the Sugar Act)
Unreasonable searches and seizures without a probable cause
What Amendment is important for people accused of committing crimes?
The 5th Amendment
According to the 5th Amendment, natural rights cannot be taken away without what?
Due process of law
What amendment gives you the right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury?
The 6th Amendment
What does the 9th Amendment keep the government from doing?
Claiming that the Bill of Rights are the only Rights Americans have
What was given power in the 10th Amendment for protection?
States
Who were the first President and Vice President in American history?
George Washington and John Adams
What did each department of the Executive Branch deal with?
State Department
Treasury Department
War Department
State Dept. - handles relations with other nations
Treasury Dept. - deals with financial matters
War Dept. - deals with the nation’s defenses
Who makes up the cabinet of the President?
A group of advisers to a president
Who was the first Secretary of State and Secretary of Treasury?
Secretary of State- Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton
What job title did Alexander Hamilton hold?
The Secretary of Treasury
What act established a federal court system?
The Judiciary Act of 1789
What could federal courts do to state laws if deemed necessary?
Override them
Who was John Jay?
The 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
What is a national debt?
The amount of money the gov’t owed
What did Alexander Hamilton want to do with state debts after the war?
He wanted the federal gov’t to take care of them
What area in America was against his plan and why did they feel this way?
The Southern states because they owed less than Northern states and would have to pay more than their fair share to compensate
Why did the South agree to accept Hamilton’s plan to lessen the national debt?
They agreed in exchange for the US Capitol to be moved to the South, Washington DC
Why did Hamilton feel that it was ok for him to create a national bank?
He thought it fell within the intent of the Constitution
What is a tariff?
A tax on imported goods
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
Why did Washington not want to run for a third term to the Presidency?
He didn’t want to
What are 3 aspects of the Federalist Party?
1) They favored a strong federal government
2) They wanted to be ruled by the wealthy
3) They had a loose interpretation of the Constitution
What are 4 aspects of the Democratic-Republican Party?
1) They wanted state banks
2) They wanted started governments
3) They wanted to be ruled by the people
4) They had a strict interpretation of the Constitution
How did Washington feel about political parties?
He felt that they divided people and kept the government from working together
What is favoring one side in a political decision?
Partisan
Before the Election of 1796, what was held for the first time to determine Presidential candidates?
The Caucuses meetings
What was the crisis with France involving three agents that tried to get money from America?
The XYZ Affair
Why were three acts created after the XYZ Affair?
To protect the security of the nation and slow immigration
What was the Naturalization Act?
It required aliens to live in the US for 14 years before being able to apply for citizenship
What were the Alien Acts?
It allowed the President to deport aliens that were considered dangerous
What was the Sedition Act?
Stated that it was a crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken the government
What Amendment did the Sedition Act contradict?
The 1st Amendment
