Final 150 pt. 2 Flashcards
Election of 1800
John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson. Two candidates had 73 Electoral votes: Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The election was decided by the House of Representatives. The 12th Amendment set the requirements for presidential elections by stating that electoral votes went to one candidate
Louisiana Purchase
France sells the territory for $15 Million. Doubled the size of the US. This is what Jefferson’s presidency was famous for
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis and Clark were sent on an expedition to explore this territory (Louisiana Purchase and beyond) and find it’s resources. They followed the Missouri River on their trip to the Pacific Ocean. They inspired people to go west and settle by sparking a sense of adventure
Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake
Impressment-The British forced thousands of Americans to serve in the British navy
Attack on the Chesapeake- the US ship the Chesapeake was intercepted by British vessel demanding to search for dissenters. The captain refused and in turn the British commander attacked. America tries to cut off trade with Great Britain with the Embargo Act that cut off trade with the rest of the world, but it just hurt their own economy
War Hawks from the War of 1812
People who pushed for war with Great Britain such as Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun
War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans
Washington DC- British forces were able to march into Washington DC and burned the Capitol and presidents mansion down. Fillet Addison is famous for saving a portrait of George Washington.
Fort McHenry- the fort at the entrance to Baltimore Harbor. British were called away to help prepare for the battle of New Orleans.
New Orleans- January 8, 1815. The battle took place after the peace treaty was signed. This battle was a decisive victory for the US and made Andrew Johnson a household name.
The Star Spangled Banner
After the Fort mcHenry bombardment, Francis Scott Key was inspired to write the song “The Star-Spangled Banner”
Monroe Doctrine
The western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization. The US would regret any interference in the Western Hemispheric affair as a threat to its security. This was put in place due to many Latin American notions gaining independence from Spain at this time. Became and important part of American foreign policy instantly
Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration
Growth of industry in the North created many new jobs, a large group of Irish Immigrants came to the United States because of a terrible potato famine
Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention
The Seneca Falls Convention-the first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York. The most controversial issue at this conference was over women’s suffrage. This convention was lead by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Stanton and Lucretia Mott both publicly fought for women’s suffrage.
Industrial Revolution
The change from an agrarian society to one based on industry. This change the way people worked in the US in the late 1700’s. Thrives in New England because the soul was poor and farming was difficult
Capitalism
Individuals put their capital (money) into a business in hopes of making a profit
Free Enterprise System
People are free to buy, sell, and produce what they want and can work where they wish. The four elements of a free enterprise system are competition, profit, private economy, and economic freedom.
Supply and Demand
Prices/ cost is set by supply and demand in a free enterprise system.
Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s
Cotton
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important
The invention of the cotton gin allowed the industrial revolution to grow even more. As textile mills were growing in New England, demand for cotton grew. The growth of factories in the North resulted in the growth of cities and towns
Urban vs Rural
Urban= city Rural= country
Wilderness Road
Was the route to Kentucky from the Atlantic coast. It aided the early exploration of Tennessee because it made passing through the mountains easier and opened the door for new settlement
Daniel Boone
Daniel Boone and 30 foresters blazed the trail that became the Wilderness Road. This made him a long hunter (an American wilderness explorer for at least 6 months at a time)
Cumberland Gap
The are where Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia all meet. The Cumberland Gap in the mountains allowed for a path to be created that made passing through the Appalachian mountains easier.
The Corrupt Bargain
The Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, meets Adams and agrees to use his influence to help Adams get the vote in the House of Representatives. John Quincy Adams wins the election of 1824
Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank
Spoils System- the practice of replacing government employees with the winning candidate’s supporters
Fight with the bank- Andrew Jackson was against having the banking system of America being run by a single bank that was being run by private bankers rather than elected officials. Wanted smaller state banks to have the federal funds. Jackson tried to kill the bank by withdrawing all federal funds from the national bank and placing them in smaller banks
Indian Removal Act
Due to western expansion, many white Americans want to relocate Native Americans to land west of the Mississippi River, where the land is unsuitable for farming. IRA is passed by Congress in order to relocate Native Americans. The federal government offered to pay for this relocation to the newly formed Indian Territory
Trail of Tears
Relocation and movement of Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma. In 1838, General Winfield Scott and an Army of 7,000 federal troops came to remove the Cherokee from their homes
Sequoyah
Most famous for making the written Cherokee language
William Henry Harrison’s Presidency
9th president. “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” (nickname and slogan). Have an inauguration speech that lasted over 2 hours. Died of pneumonia shortly afterwards. Shortest presidency ever (32 days)
Manifest Destiny
Belief that America should extend its boundaries all the way to the Pacific Ocean
Texas Rebellion
Stephen F. Austin recruited 300 American families to help him settle land in Mexico. Mexico offered huge tracts of land at very low prices. After this, Mexico becomes cautious and stops all immigration from the US. Santa Anna listens to Austin’s demand and agrees to remove the ban, however he didn’t allow Texas to become a separate country. Austin calls for plans to fight for independence
The Alamo – battle significance
Santa Anna reaches San Antonia with thousands of troops, and the Texans only had 180 men. All of the soldiers including Davy Crockett were killed. The defenders of the Alamo bought the Texans much needed time.
Davy Crockett
Backwoodsman from Tennessee who volunteered to fight at the Alamo
Oregon Trail
Was used by settlers migrating to the Pacific Northwest
James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?
He fulfilled Manifest Destiny. He got New Mexico and California by force, and in return gave Mexico $15 Million
Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession
President James K. lol tried to buy New Mexico and California from the Mexicans, but they refused.
Border Dispute- US believes the Texas border is the Rio Grande River and Mexico believes the border is the Nueces River
Mexican Cession-ceded California and New Mexico and in return the US gave them $15 Million
John Sutter and the California Gold Rush
John sitter was the first to discover hold on his property. Gold seekers destroyed his property. 80,000 people came looking for good in the year 1849. Boomtowns were the communities created due to the boom in search for gold. These mining towns had no police or prisons. They were run by vigilance committees (people who take the law into their own hands)
Brigham Young
Led his migration to the Great Salt Lake are of Utah. He was a Mormon (religious group that follows the Book of Mormon and is referred to as Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Dat Saints) they were being led to Utah so they could safely practice their religion
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
Helped preserve the balance between the north and the south. The compromise was to have Maine enter as a free state and Missouri to enter as a slave state.
John Brown
Violent abolitionist that believed God had chosen him to end slavery
Harriet Tubman
The most famous conductor (helped guide escapees to freedom) of the Underground Railroad
Underground Railroad
A network of escape routes out of the South for enslaved people. Travel at night and follow the North Star
Frederick Douglass
Most well know African-American abolitionist (reformers who wanted to abolish slavery). Edited an anti-slavery newspaper called the “North Star”. Believed that the injustice of slavery destroyed America’s ideals of freedom. In 1847 his friends helped him purchase his freedom from his original slaveholder
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Novel that explored the issue of slavery
Fugitive Slave Act
Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves in 1850. Anyone who aided a fugitive slave could be fined or imprisoned. The enforcement of this act caused more anger in the north.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Increased the amount of territory open to slaveholding in the US. Letting people decide for themselves about an issue is called popular sovereignty
Bleeding Kansas
Kansas became the first territory to shed blood in a civil war over slavery
Sumner-Brooks Incident
Senator Charles Sumner lashed out against those for slavery, including Andrew P. Butler. Butler’s cousin, Representative Preston Brooks, walked into the senate chamber and hit summer with a cane.
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
John Brown led 18 men on a raid to attack a weapon storage facility, hoping to start a rebellion against slaveholders by arming slaves, but failed. As a result, he was hung.
Dred Scott v Sandford
Scott was bought in Missouri, a slave state. Later, his owner moved to Illinois and then Wisconsin, a free state, and a free territory. They then moved back to Missouri some time later, and Scott tried to sue his owner, saying that he once lived on free soil. Since he was “property” he had no rights, therefore he couldn’t sue Sanford
Lincoln-Douglass debates – House Divided Speech
Senate race in Illinois that became the center of national attention. Republican-Lincoln
Democrat-Stephen A. Doulas
The main topic of these debates was slavery
Election of 1860
I comb becomes 16th president. The more populous north outvoted the south. Lincoln promised not to disturb slavery where it already existed, but many in the south didn’t trust him
Causes of the Civil War
Tension between the north and the south over the issue of slavery
Fort Sumter
Confederate guns opened fire on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. This attack marked the beginning of the Civil War.
Ulysses S. Grant
Him and his 40,000 troops are headed to an important railroad junction in Mississippi. There was a church named Shiloh near their resting point in southwest Tennessee. Confederate troops were planning a surprise attack. This victory, along with capturing New Orleans, helped the Union control the Mississippi River area
Robert E. Lee
Was opposed to slavery, but still fought on the Confederate side because he was a proud Virginian that wouldn’t fight against his own state.
Stonewall Jackson
Considered one of the most gifted tactical commanders in US History.
First Battle of Bull Run
The first major battle of the Civil War. 30,000 Union troops attacked a confederate force. Confederate troops became inspired by reinforcements led by General Thomas Jackson
Anaconda Plan
Union War plan to defeat the south by divining them into two
54th Massachusetts
The most well known African American regiment
The Battle of Gettysburg
Union fires are greatly outnumbered and are forced to retreat. After two days of unsuccessful assaults, Lee plans an attack that he hoped would create a panic and destroy the army.
The Battle of Vicksburg
Turning point of the Civil War along with the battle of Gettysburg
Sherman’s March to the Sea
General William Tecumseh Sherman led the western army towards Atlanta, after burning Atlanta, Sherman’s army began their historic “march to the sea” towards Savannah, Georgia
Lee Surrendering to Grant
On April 9, 1865, Lee and his Tripp’s surrendered to Grant in a small Virginia village called Appomattox Courthouse. The terms of the surrender are very forgiving.
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery in 1865
14th Amendment
Gave full citizenship to anyone born in the US, including African-Americans in 1866
15th Amendment
Gave African-American men the right to vote in 1870
Lincoln Assassination – theater name, murderer, place of death
Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in Ford’s Theater on April 14, 1865. He was shot by John Wilkes Booth, and later died at the Petersen House across the street.
10 Percent Plan and Radical Republican Plans for Reconstruction
As soon as 10% of state voters pledged loyalty to the Union, a new state government could be formed that would abolish slavery and be readmitted (forgiving on the South)
Freedman’s Bureau
Agency that helped African Americans make the transition to freedom. Helped African American s have the chance to gain an education
Segregation
Separation of the races
Jim Crow Laws
Was that required African Americans and whites to be separated in almost every public place in the South. These laws were upheld in the landmark court case Plessy vs. Ferguson. The court said segregation was legal as long as it was separate and equal
Ku Klux Klan
The largest anti-African American terrorist organization in the south
