Final 150 pt. 1 Flashcards
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
They wanted to practice their own religions, not follow the Church of England
Virginia Company
A joint-stock company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown
Jamestown
People thought there was gold and silver here. There wasn’t any, instead they figured out how to grow tobacco here
John Smith
Governor of Jamestown
Pocahontas
Well known for saving John Smith’s life and bringing some peace to British/Native American relation after her marriage to John Rolfe
John Rolfe
Learned how to grow tobacco and sold the first crop in 1614 in England. He married Pocahontas
Tobacco
Easy to grow in Jamestown. Helped Virginia to grow and flourish
Bacon’s Rebellion
Bacon led these people to Jamestown and wanted to set it on fire. Bacon died before overtaking the colony of Virginia. More land was opened up for settlement
Plymouth Colony
The colony of the Pilgrims
Pilgrims
Came to America on the Mayflower in 1620. During the first winter 50% of them died
Mayflower
The ship that brought the Pilgrims to America in 1620
Mayflower Compact
Provided the laws and helped form governments in America
William Bradford
Led the pilgrims for over 30 years. Made Thanksgiving an American culture. Most famous for writing Of Plymouth Plantation
Squanto and Samoset
Befriended Some Pilgrims and showed them how to grow corn, beans, and squash, as well as where to hunt and fish
Puritans
We’re persecuted back in England and decided to leave.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
A Puritan colony based on the Bible
John Winthrop
The Puritan’s governor and led many to modern day Boston to live (The Great Migration)
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
We’re both taken to trial over disagreeing with the Puritans and were kicked out of Massachusetts. They formed Rhode Island.
Salem Witch Trials
A series of hangings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft where many who were falsely accused, were killed.
William Penn
A Quaker that wrote Pennsylvania’s constitution
Quakers
Everyone was equal in God’s sight. They were tolerant of other people’s views. They were pacifists
Pacifists
people who refuse to fight in wars or use force
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
Georgia was a buffer state between the stronger English colonies and Spanish attacks as a place where English debtors and the lower class get a fresh start
First Great Awakening
A religious revival that swept through the colonies. The belief grows that to God, all people are equal. This movement played a huge role in the development of democratic concepts during the American Revolution
Triangular Trade
A system in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and the Martian colonies. Helped the economy of New England sky rocket
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
Benjamin Franklin wrote Poor Richard’s Almanack, a collection of witty sayings, such as “A penny saved is a penny earned”. The very first political cartoon in America was called “Join or die”. The Albany Plan of Union was designed to help the colonies defend themselves from the French
John Peter Zenger Trial
In 1733 publisher John Peter Zenger accused the governor of New York of corruption in the New York Weekly Journal and was thrown in jail. He claimed these statement were true and the jury agreed. In court, Zenger was found not guilty and this helped lead us to freedom of the press.
Cause of French and Indian War
France and England both thought they owned the rights to the Ohio River Valley and both wanted to settle there and create colonies
Proclamation of 1763
Didn’t allow settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains
The Sugar Act
Lowered the tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling in 1764. But in the act British officers were allowed to seize goods from smugglers without going to court. This contradicts the British law of “innocent until proven guilty”
The Stamp Act
Placed a tax on almost all printed material in the colonies.
The Boston Massacre
Occurred on March 5, 1770. A fight breaks out between townspeople and British soldiers, someone starts shooting and 5 people are killed. Used as a form of propaganda
The Boston Tea Party
A group of colonists led by the Sons of Liberty board on East India Trading Company ship when it is set to be unloaded and they destroy the tea by throwing it into the Boston Harbor
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Harsh laws intended to punish Massachusetts citizens as a reaction to the Boston Tea Party. These acts closed Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for. Other colonies sent food and clothing to Boston, another way the colonies were becoming united
Patrick Henry
Persuaded the House of Burgesses to take action against the Stamp Act. He also said at the 1st Continental Congress,”I am not a Virginian, but an American”
John Hancock
1st person to sign the Declaration of Independence (wrote his name super big)
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
The Sons of Liberty was a secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists and fight taxation by the British and was founded by Samuel Adams.
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Published the pamphlet Common Sense. He called for the colonies to have simplest independence from Great Britain. he believed that the colonies should be a refuge from tyrants and persecution.
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
Signed on July 4,1776 in Philadelphia. Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declares the colonies freedom from England
Cause of American Revolutionary War
The colonies wanted to be independent from England
Loyalists
Colonists still loyal to Great Britain, also called Tories. About 20% of the colonists were loyalists. This division split up friends and family
Patriots
Had “Home Field Advantage”. Their leader was George Washington
Battles of Lexington and Concord
When the British arrive the minutemen were waiting for them. When the British get to Concord, most of their supplies are gone. “Shot heard round the world”
Battle of Saratoga
This battle was the turning point of the American Revolution. After Saratoga, France and Spain became allies of the colonies
Winter at Valley Forge
A time of terrible suffering without decent food, clothing, or shelter for Washington and his Tripp’s
Battle of Yorktown
Washington leads his troops to Yorktown. The last major battle of the American Revolution
Benedict Arnold
The hero of the battle of Saratoga. He was striving to get a promotion to general, when this didn’t happen, his wife arranged to get him a higher ranking position in the British Military. Asks to be put in charge of West Point. Had plans to tell British when to attack here, but his plans are revealed
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
George Washington was the Patriot’s leader
Marquis de La Fayette
Believed that the future of America had a great influence on the future of mankind
Friedrich von Steuben
Drilled the troops at Valley Forge
Francis Marion
Helped the Patriots defend the South. Nickname was the “Swamp Fox”. he is considered the father of guerrilla warfare
guerrilla warfare
A hit and run technique, repetitive attacks from small armies
Treaty of Paris 1783
Great Britain recognized the United States as an independent country
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Created one territory out of the lands north of the Ohio Fiver and east of the Mississippi River. It included a bill of rights for the settlers and was the first attempt in US History to stop the spread of slavery
Articles of Confederation
In November 1777, America’s 1st constitution was adopted (AoC). Provided a national government where the states gave up little power. Also said that the government couldn’t raise the taxes. Unicameral Congress made up of delegates chosen yearly by the states. No executive or judicial branch. Each state had one vote in Congress. It was unsuccessful because the government it provided wasn’t strong enough to handle all of the problems of the country
Shays’ Rebellion
An uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight the governments taxes on poor farmers. Revealed the need for a stronger central government.
The Great Compromise
Established the model for Congress used to this day. One part of Congress would be based on population (VA Plan) and the other part would be equal among states (NJ Plan)
The 3/5 Compromise
Allowed southern states to count slaves as 3/5 of one free person for representation. This compromise would allow the southern states to gain more delegates in the House of Representatives
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
The most distinctive feature of the US government is the separation of powers. The system of checks and balances keeps one branch from gaining too much power. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. James Madison is considered the “Father of the Constitution”. The Constitution was signed on September 17, 1787.
Bill of Rights
1st 10 amendments to the Constitution. Was created to limit the power of the government and protect the rights of the individuals
1st Amendment
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition the government
2nd Amendment
The right to bear arms and for states to be able to maintain a militia
4th Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause. Direct relation to the write of assistance to stop smuggling during the time of the Sugar Act.
5th Amendment
Natural rights cannot be deprived without due process of law. It is important for people accused of committing crimes because you have the right to not give self incriminating evidence
6th Amendment
You have the right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
Legislative branch- makes the laws
Executive branch- carries out the laws
Judicial branch- interprets laws and declares laws or presidential acts unconstitutional
Whiskey Rebellion
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of treasury. Said a national bank fell within the intent of the Constitution
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien Acts- allowed president to deport aliens that were considered dangerous
Sedition Act- a crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken the government (contradicts the 1st amendment)
John Sevier
Tennessee’s first state government in 1796
Natchez Trace
Became an important route for trade between Mississippi and Nashville. This allows farmers to get back to Tennessee after selling their crops down the Mississippi River
Marbury v Madison
Was the landmark court case that established judicial review (this was the 1st time that the supreme court decided something was unconstitutional)
Judicial review
Means the court can nullify actions of other branches
McCulloch v Maryland
Supreme Court case over states’ rights. The state of Maryland imposed a tax over a branch of the second bank of the US. Chief Justice, John Marshall, rules that Maryland had no right to tax the bank because it was a federal institution and the court didn’t what the states to have too much power
