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US History > Final 150 Part Two > Flashcards

Final 150 Part Two Flashcards

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1
Q

Election of 1800

A

John Adams vs Thomas Jefferson. Aaron Burr and Jefferson had 73 electoral votes. Election was decided by the House of Representatives (led to 12th amendment - by stating the obvious electoral votes go to one candidate)

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2
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

France sold the territory for 15 million and it doubled the size of the US. (1803). What TJs presidency is remembered for. Federalists threatened to secede from the Union over the purchase.

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3
Q

Lewis and Clark Expedition

A

They were sent on an expedition to explore the new territory and find its resources. They were accompanied by Sacagawea who convinced Chiefs that it was a peaceful mission. They followed the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean and inspired people to go west and settle by sparking a sense of adventure.

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4
Q

Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake

A

Causes of the War of 1812

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5
Q

War Hawks from the War of 1812

A

People who pushed for war with Great Britain. (Henry Clay, John C Calhoun)

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6
Q

War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans

A

DC was burned by British forces who were able to march in. (Burned Capitol and president’s mansion down) Dolley Madison saved the portrait of George Washington. (Library of Congress also burned down)

Fort McHenry - British attack. Entrance to Baltimore Harbor. After this battle, Francis Scott Key was inspired to write the Star Spangled Banner

Battle of New Orleans - took place after the treaty of Ghent was signed. Decisive victory for US and made Andrew Jackson a household name

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7
Q

The Star Spangled Banner

A

Written by Francis Scott Key when he was inspired after Fort McHenry

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8
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

The Western Hemisphere was no longer available for colonization and the US would regard any interferences in the Western Hemisphere as a threat to safety. This was put in place because many Latin American nations were gaining independence from Spain. Became an important part if the American foreign policy instantly

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9
Q

Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration

A

There was a shortage of potatoes in Ireland which caused them to immigrate to America

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10
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention

A

Held in Seneca Falls, NY and was the first women’s rights convention. Most controversial issue was women’s suffrage

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11
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

The change from an agrarian society to one based on industry. Began in New England

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12
Q

Capitalism

A

Where individuals put their capital into a business in hopes of making a profit

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13
Q

Free Enterprise System

A

People are free to buy, sell, and produce what they want and can work where they wish

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14
Q

Supply and Demand

A

Determines prices and costs. Store supplies what others demand.

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15
Q

Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s

A

Cotton

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16
Q

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important

A

Interchangeable parts allowed complete products to be made by using identical machine parts. Allowed cotton to be separated quickly. Increased demand for cotton

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17
Q

Urban vs Rural

A

Urban is city, rural is country

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18
Q

Wilderness Road

A

Route to KY from the Atlantic Coast that aided the ear,y exploration of TN because it made passing through the mountains easier and opened the door for more settlement.

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19
Q

Daniel Boone

A

Tennesseean who blazed the Wilderness Road when it was a trail. Made him a long hunter (an American wilderness forester) for at least 6 mos. at a time

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20
Q

Cumberland Gap

A

In mountains. Allowed for a path to be created that made passing through the Appalachian Mountains easier

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21
Q

The Corrupt Bargain

A

The speaker of the House, Henry Clay, meets with John Quincy Adams and agrees to use his influence to help Adams get the vote in the HoR. Quincy Adams wins the Election of 1824

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22
Q

Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank

A

Spoils system - practice of replacing government employees with winning candidate’s supporters

Fight with the bank - Jackson tried to kill the bank by withdrawing all federal funds from the national bank and placing them in smaller state banks

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23
Q

Indian Removal Act

A
  1. Act passed by congress in order to relocate the Native Americans to Indian Territory (OK)
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24
Q

Trail of Tears

A

Relocation and movement of Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma. (In 1838, General Winfield Scott and an army of 7000 federal troops came to remove the Cherokee from their homes)

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25
Q

Sequoyah

A

Created the Cherokee language

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26
Q

William Henry Harrison’s Presidency

A

Shortest presidency in US history - lasted only 32 days because he gave an inauguration speech that lasted over two hours in the cold and he died of Pneumonia - Nicknamed Tippecanoe (and Tyler, too!)

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27
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

Belief that America should expand its borders from sea to shining sea

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28
Q

Texas Rebellion

A

Stephen F. Austin recruited 300 American families to help him settle land in Mexico.
The Battle of the Alamo, Battle of San Jacinto (Surprise attack that killed over 600 Mexican soldiers and captured 700 more including Santa Anna. Lone Star Republic is formed after Santa Anna surrenders at San Jacinto) Texas declares independence on 3/2/1836. Sam Houston becomes the commander and chief of the Texan forces)

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29
Q

The Alamo – battle significance

A

Bought Texas much needed time “Remember the Alamo!” - shouted by troops at the Battle of San Jacinto

30
Q

Davy Crockett

A

Back woodsmen from TN who volunteered to fight at the Alamo

31
Q

Oregon Trail

A

Used by settlers migrating to the Pacific Northwest

32
Q

James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?

A

Manifest Destiny

33
Q

Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession

A

US believes that the Texas border is the Rio Grande River. Mexico believes it is at the Nueces River

Cession - ceded CA and NM in return for 15 million dollars from the US

34
Q

John Sutter and the California Gold Rush

A

Obtained land in CA and was the first to discover a gold nugget on his property. Gold seekers destroyed his property

35
Q

Brigham Young

A

Led Mormon migration to the Great Salt Lake area

36
Q

The Missouri Compromise of 1820

A

Helped preserve the balance between the North and South. The compromise was made to have ME enter as a free state and MO as a slave state

37
Q

John Brown

A

Violent abolitionist that believed God had chosen him to end slavery. Led raid on Harper’s Ferry with 18 men in hopes of stealing weapons to give to slaves to start an uprising. He was hanged and his death became a rallying point for abolitionists

38
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

A leading conductor of the Underground Railroad. Also served as spy and scout for the Union. In 1863, she led a mission that freed many slaves and disrupted southern supply lines

39
Q

Underground Railroad

A

A network of escape routes out of the south for enslaved people.

40
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

Most well known African American abolitionist. Worked hard to become a powerful speaker with wit and wisdom, escaped slavery in 1838, edited an anti slavery news paper called the North Star, believed that the injustice of slavery destroyed America’s ideals of freedom, in 1847, friend helped him purchase his freedom from former slave holder

41
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

Novel that explored the issue of slavery

42
Q

Fugitive Slave Act

A

Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves in 1850. Anyone who aided a fugitive slave could be fined or imprisoned. Enforcement of his act caused more anger in the north

43
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

Increased the amount of territory open to slaveholding in the US. KS and NE were its north of the MO compromise line, but this act allowed the settlers of the territory to decide how that state would handle slavery.

44
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

Kansas became the first territory to shed blood in a civil war over slavery

45
Q

Sumner-Brooks Incident

A

Senator Charles Sumner lashed out against those for slavery, including Andrew P. Butler. Butler’s cousin Rep. Preston Brooks, walked into the senate chamber and hit Sumner with a cane

46
Q

Raid on Harper’s Ferry

A

John Brown and 18 men led an attack on a weapon storage facility in hopes to start a rebellion by arming slaves, but was quickly stopped and hanged.

47
Q

Dred Scott v Sandford

A

Dred Scott was a slave was bought in MO, a slave state. His owner moved to Illinois and then Wisconsin, a free state and free territory. Before his owner died, they moved back to MO and Scott claimed he should be set free because he once lived on free soil and sued for his freedom. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney said Scott was still a slave. (Said Constitution protected slavery). This court case divided the nation even more

48
Q

Lincoln-Douglass debates – House Divided Speech

A

Douglas believed the nation could stand forever divided between free and slave states as the fathers created it and Lincoln said that the government cannot endure permanently half slave half free. A house divided against itself cannot stand. Douglas won a narrow victory in the election. Lincoln lost this election, but gained a positive national reputation that would eventually lead him to the White House

49
Q

Election of 1860

A

Lincoln becomes the sixteenth president. The more popular north had outnumbered the south. Lincoln promised not to disturb slavery where it already existed, but many in the south did not trust him

50
Q

Causes of the Civil War

A

States’ rights, power between federal government and the states, secession, Abraham Lincoln

51
Q

Fort Sumter

A

Confederate guns opened fire on this on April 12, 1861 marked beginning of Civil War

52
Q

Ulysses S. Grant

A

Lead commander of the Union army, 18th President

53
Q

Robert E. Lee

A

Lead commander of the Confederate army, opposed to slavery but still fought on confederacy because he was from VA and refused to fight against them

54
Q

Stonewall Jackson

A

One if the most gifted tactical commanders in US history. Led inspirational reinforcements in the First Battle of Bull Run

55
Q

First Battle of Bull Run

A

First major battle of Civil War fought near Manassas Junction and a small river named Bull Run. 30,000 Union troops led by Gen. Irwin McDowell attacked a confederate force led by Gen. PGT Beauregard. Confederate troops were inspired by the reinforcements led my Gen. Stonewall Jackson

56
Q

Anaconda Plan

A

Union war plan to defeat the South my dividing them in two

57
Q

54th Massachusetts

A

Most well known African American regiment

58
Q

The Battle of Gettysburg

A

Union forces are greatly outnumbered and are forced to retreat. After two days of unsuccessful assaults, Lee plans an attack that he hoped would crack a panic and destroy the army. It was led by Gen George Pickett and is remembered as Pickett’s charge. Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg were the turning point of the war

59
Q

The Battle of Vicksburg

A

Vicksburg and Gettysburg were the turning points of the Civil War

60
Q

Sherman’s March to the Sea

A

General William Tecumseh Sherman lead the Western Army towards Atlanta. After burning Atlanta, Sherman’s army began their historic “march to sea” towards Savannah, GA

61
Q

Lee Surrendering to Grant

A

On April 9, 1865, Lee and his troops surrendered to Grant in Appomattox Courthouse, VA. The terms of surrender were very forgiving on the South

62
Q

13th Amendment

A

Abolished slavery in 1865

63
Q

14th Amendment

A

Gave full citizenship to anyone born in the US including African Americans in 1866

64
Q

15th Amendment

A

Gave African American men the right to vote in 1870

65
Q

Lincoln Assassination – theater name, murderer, place of death

A

Fords Theater, John Wilkes Booth, Petersen House

66
Q

10 Percent Plan and Radical Republican Plans for Reconstruction

A

Lincoln’s 10 Percent Plan - forgiving on the south

Radical republicans - wanted a harsher readmission process

67
Q

Freedman’s Bureau

A

Agency that helped African Americans make the transition to freedom

68
Q

Segregation

A

Separation of races

69
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

Laws that required African Americans and Whites to be separated in almost every public place. These laws were upheld in the landmark court case Plessy v. Ferguson. The court said segregation was legal as long as it was separate and equal

70
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A

The largest anti - African American terrorist organization in the south

US History (13 decks)

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