Final 150 Flashcards
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
Freedom of religion
Virginia Company
A joint stock company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown.
Jamestown
The second settlement in America and they spent lots of time looking for gold
John Smith
Governor of Jamestown for its first two years he had a good relationship with the Powhattens
Pocahontas
Well known for saving John Smith bring peace to the British/Native relations after marrying John Rolfe
John Rolfe
Married Pocahontas
Tobacco
Saved Jamestown
Bacon’s Rebellion
Had shown that the settlers were not happy with being restricted to the coast
Plymouth Colony
The colony of pilgrims
Pilgrims
Came to America on the Mayflower on September 1620
Mayflower
A ship that the pilgrims used to reach America
Mayflower Compact
A document that provided laws for America
William Bradford
Most famous for writing the Plymouth Plankton and led the Pilgrims for over 30 years
Squanto and Samoset
Taught the pilgrims how to plant corn beans and squash
Puritans
Believed in theocracy (church played role in laws)
Massachusetts Bay Colony
A puritan colony and its leader was John Winthrop
John Winthrop
The first governed of the mass. Bay colony
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
Reformed Rhode Island
Salem Witch Trials
People were falsely accused of being witches and were killed
William Penn
A Quaker that wrote Pennsylvania’s constitution
Quakers
Tolerant of other people’s views
Pacifists
People who refuse to fight in wars or use force
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
Georgia
First Great Awakening
Religious revival in the colonies
Triangular Trade
A trade system between Africa the Caribbean and American Colonies
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
All created by Benjamin Franklin
John Peter Zenger Trial
Developed freedom of the press
Cause of French and Indian War
Between the French and GB
Proclamation of 1763
Great Britain signed the proclamation of 1763 which halted western expansion by moving the settlers west of the Appalachian mountains
The Sugar Act
Lowered the tax on molasses but also allowed to seize goods from smugglers without going to court
The Stamp Act
Placed a tax on almost all printed materials in the colonies
The Boston Massacre
A fight breaks out between the townspeople and British soldiers 5 people died
The Boston Tea Party
A group of colonist led by the Sons of Liberty board an East Indian Trading Company and destroyed the tea by throwing it overboard
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Closed the Boston harbor until the tea was paid for
Patrick Henry
Said,”I am not a Virginian, but an American”
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
Started the AR
John Hancock
Created the continental army and was the first person to sign the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Called for the colonies to have independence from GB
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
Year-1776
Location- Philadelphia
Author- Thomas Jefferson
Significance- to explain why the colonies chose to form a new nation
Cause of American Revolutionary War
Taxation
Loyalists
People who wanted to remain with GB
Patriots
People who wanted independence
Battles of Lexington and Concord
73 were killed and is where minutemen fired he shot heard around the world
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the revolutionary war
Winter at Valley Forge
A time of suffering without decent clothing shelter or food for Washington and his troops
Battle of Yorktown
The last major battle of the revolutionary war
Benedict Arnold
A traitor
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
George Washington
Marquis de La Fayette
He said the future of man kind depended on the future of America
Friedrich von Steuben
Drilled the troops at valley forge
Francis Marion
Considered the father of guerrilla warfare
guerrilla warfare
A hit and run method
Treaty of Paris 1783
Ended the war
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Admitted new states to the Union and listed a guaranteed bill of rights in the territory
Articles of Confederation
First Constitution
Shays’ Rebellion
An uprising by Massachusetts farmers on poor farmers
The Great Compromise
Established a model for congress used to this day
The 3/5 Compromise
Every slave counts as 3/5 of a person
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
Father- James Madison
Year- 1788
Purpose-
Bill of Rights
First ten amendments
1st Amendment
Guarantees freedom of speech, assembly, press, religion, and petition
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
4th Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
5th Amendment
Natural rights cannot be deprived without due process of law
6th Amendment
You have the right to a speedy public trial by an impartial jury
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
Legislative-law making
Executive- carries out laws
Judicial- interprets laws and declares laws or presidential acts unconstitutional
Whiskey Rebellion
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
Alexander Hamilton
The sec. of treasury for the first department and wanted for the government to have more power than the state’s
Alien and Sedition Acts
Allowed president to deport aliens
John Sevier
The first governor of TN
Natchez Trace
A route for trade between Mississippi and Nashville
Marbury v Madison
Established judicial review
Judicial review
Court can nullify actions of other branches
McCulloch v Maryland
Maryland put a tax on the bank ruled unconstitutional states had less power than the federal
Election of 1800
John Adan,s vs. Thomas Jefferson pres. vs. vp Jefferson and Arron burr had 73 electoral votes Jefferson won by one vote by HoR
Louisiana Purchase
Purchase made in 1803 where France sells its territory for 15 million about 250 million now
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Went on an expedition to explore the new territory from the Louisiana purchase
Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake
The causes of the war of 1812
War Hawks from the War of 1812
People who pushed for war such as Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun
War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans
D.C. Burned- British soldiers marched into D.C. And burned the capitol building and the presidents mansion
Fort McHenry-British attack fort at entrance of Baltimore harbor
Battle of New Orleans- was decisive victory for US
The Star Spangled Banner
Written during battle of Fort McHenry and national anthem
Monroe Doctrine
Said that America didn’t want new European colonies in the americas
Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration
People were leaving Ireland to come to America
Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention
Publicly fought for women’s suffrage
Industrial Revolution
There was a growth of factories in the north
Capitalism
Economic system based on private ownership of goods productions or services for a project
Free Enterprise System
People can buy, sell, and produce what they want
Supply and Demand
What the cost is eat by
Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s
Cotton
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important
Allowed for cotton to be seeded a lot faster
Urban vs Rural
Urban- city
Rural- country
Wilderness Road
Route from Kentucky to Atlantic coast
Daniel Boone
Blazed the wilderness trail along with 30 others
Cumberland Gap
Where VA, KY, and TN meet
The Corrupt Bargain
Between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank
Spoils system- practice of replacing gov’t employees with winning candidates supporters
Indian Removal Act
Forced Indians west of the Mississippi River
Trail of Tears
Relocating Cherokee to Oklahoma
Sequoyah
Created the written Cherokee language
William Henry Harrison’s Presidency
Lasted for 32 day because he died of pneumonia
Manifest Destiny
The belief that America should expand from coast to coast
Texas Rebellion
Texas became the lone star republic
The Alamo – battle significance
Bought the Texans some much needed time
Davy Crockett
Backwoodsman from TN who volunteered at the Alamo
Oregon Trail
He send by settlers to migrate to the pacific
James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?
Manifest destiny
Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession
Border Dispute-America believed that the border between Texas and Mexico was the Rio Grande river and Mexico thought it was the Nueces River
Mexico Concession- ceded California and New Mexico and in return the US gave the $15 million
John Sutter and the California Gold Rush
First person to find gold in California and this led to the California gold rush
Brigham Young
Led the migration of the Mormon from the great salt lake area to Utah
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
.
John Brown
An abolitionist who tried to start a rebellion against slaveholders
Harriet Tubman
Famous conductor of the Underground Railroad
Underground Railroad
Network of escape routes for slaves in the south
Frederick Douglass
H
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Novel that explored the issue of slavery
Fugitive Slave Act
Required all citizens to catch runaway slaves if you aided a slave than you will be fined or imprisoned
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Increased the amount of territory open to slaveholding in the US
Bleeding Kansas
Kansas became the first territory to shed blood in the civil war over slavery
Sumner-Brooks Incident
Senator Charles Sumner lashed out against those who were for slavery including Andrew P Butler who told his cousin rep Preston Brooks and he walked into the senate chamber and hit Sumner with his cane leaving him unconscious and bleeding
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
John Brown broke into a weapon storage unit trying to start a rebellion against slave holders
Dred Scott v Sandford
A court case in which a slave tried to sue their owner and couldn’t because he had no rights
Lincoln-Douglass debates – House Divided Speech
Lincoln said a house divided cannot stand talking about the nation being divided over slavery
Election of 1860
Lincoln becomes 16th president
Causes of the Civil War
Slavery and bringing the nation together
Fort Sumter
Confederate guns opened fire on fort Sumter on April 12, 1861
Ulysses S. Grant
General of the north and the 18th president
Robert E. Lee
General of south
Stonewall Jackson
Considered one of the most gifted tactical commanders in US history
First Battle of Bull Run
The confederates let out the rebel yell and some northern soldiers to drop their weapons and run and retreat
Anaconda Plan
H
54th Massachusetts
The most well known A-A regiment
The Battle of Gettysburg
Union forces are greatly outnumbered and forced to retreat but lee plans to attack the Yankees and charge across an open field and become easy targets
The Battle of Vicksburg
One of the turning points of the war
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Sherman’s army burned many cities including Atlanta on his way to savannah
Lee Surrendering to Grant
Surrendered in a village called Appomattox court house
13th Amendment
H
14th Amendment
H
15th Amendment
H
Lincoln Assassination – theater name, murderer, place of death
Theatre name- Ford’s Theatre
Murderer- John Wilkes Booth
Place of Death- Petersen House
10 Percent Plan and Radical Republican Plans for Reconstruction
10 percent plan- forgiving on south
Radical Republicans- harsh on south
Freedman’s Bureau
Helped freed slaves have a normal life
Segregation
Separation of the races
Jim Crow Laws
Whites and blacks had to be separate in public places
Ku Klux Klan
The largest anti-African American terrorist organization in the south
