Chapter 4 Flashcards
What was the main economic activity in all colonies?
Farming
What is subsistence farming?
Producing enough to meet the needs of the family.
What is commercial agriculture?
When larger amounts of crops are produced to make a profit.
Why did New England farmers practice subsistence farming?
Because they had long winters and rocky soil
What were the two main industries of the New England colonies?
Shipbuilding and fishing
What is the triangular trade?
A trade system between Africa, the Caribbean, and the American Colonies.
What was the name of the slave transporting leg of the Triangular Trade?
The Middle Passage
Where was the hub of the shipping trade in America?
New England
What is a cash crop?
Crops that could be sold in markets
What were the two main cash crops of the Middle Colonies?
Wheat and oats
Which colonial region was known for its diverse population of German and Scotch-Irish citizens?
The Middle Colonies
What was the main cash crop in Virginia and Maryland?
Tobacco
What was the main cash crop in Georgia and South Carolina?
Rice
What did rice and tobacco have in common (why slaves were used to harvest them)?
Because these were very labor intensive crops
What is supply and demand?
It controls the prices of crops
What were the strict rules governing the behavior and punishment of slaves in the colonies?
Slave codes
How did England view the colonies economically?
As a way to make money
How do you make money on trade?
You export more than you import
What was important about the Navigation Acts?
It ensured that England made money off of colonial trade by restricting what the colonies could trade
What established a limited government in the 13th century and inspired the US Constitution?
The Magna Carta
Who was allowed to vote in the mid 1700’s in the colonies?
White men who owned property
What was the religious revival that swept through the colonies?
The Great Awakening
What was the Enlightenment?
The belief that knowledge, science, and reason could improve society.
What was the name of the book Benjamin Franklin wrote after being inspired by the Enlightenment?
Poor Richard’s Almanack
Who was the newspaper publisher that was charged with a crime for accusing the governor of New York of being
corrupt?
John Peter Zenger
The John Peter Zenger Trial dealt with what personal liberty?
Freedom of Press
Where is the land area that the British and French fought over because of the fur trade?
The Ohio River Valley
What was the most powerful group of Native Americans in the East?
Iroquois Confederacy
Who was sent to tell the French to leave the Ohio River Valley and struck the first blow against the French?
George Washington
What is a militia?
A group of citizens trained to fight in emergencies.
What did the Albany Plan of Union want to do?
Called for one general government for all the 13 colonies
What was the name of the political cartoon that encouraged the colonies to approve the Albany Plan of Union?
“Join or Die”
What was the name of the war between the French and British in Europe?
The Seven Years War
What is the name of the fort that the Cherokee burned down in modern day Tennessee?
Fort Loudon
What was the most important victory for the British in the F&I War?
The Battle of Quebec
What did the Treaty of Paris 1763 do?
Ended the French and Indian War and was the end of power in North America for the French.
Who was the Ottawa chief who believed the British were threatening their way of life?
Pontiac
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?
It halted western expansion in order to stop fighting with Native Americans
Why were many colonists upset over the Proclamation of 1763?
Because some of them already had land out there and the British were ignoring their claims
