Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

indications for Methadone

A

Heroin withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Disulfiram indications

A

Meant to promote adherence to tx for alcohol use disorder; maintenance of sobriety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

magnesium sulfate use

A

Parenteral, regulates muscle contraction and blood clotting, tx for hypomagnesemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

magnesium sulfate normal levels

A

1.3-2.1mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nursing interventions for magnesium sulfate

A

Monitor cardiac and neuromuscular status, monitor labs (calcium, magnesium, phosphorous), monitor VS (hypotension)
Have calcium gluconate at bedside (antidote), assess DTR
Teach pt foods high in magnesium (whole grain cereals, bananas, nuts, green easy veggies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ferrous sulfate indications

A

Iron preparations:
Times of increased growth (pregnancy and child growing), RBC development and oxygen transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pt teaching for ferrous sulfate

A

Take on empty stomach, take with straw in water or juice and rinse mouth afterwards, stool color will be dark green/black, increase fiber, fluids and exercise, eat foods high in iron (tofu, green leafy veggies, dried fruits, grains), avoid caffeine, tea, coffee, dairy (lowers absorption), take with vitamin C (citrus fruits ad OJ) do not take antacids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how do you recognize beta blockers?

A

-olol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mechanism of action for beta blockers

A

block beta 1 and/ or beta 2 receptors- lower HR And BP and inhibit bronchospasms, also inhibit Glycogenolysis (hypoglycemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

indications for beta blockers

A

HTN, tachycardia, A-fib, MI, adverse tachycardia, HF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nursing considerations for beta blockers

A

Monitor HR and BP, resp assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do you recognize benzodiazepines

A

-lam -pam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

indications for benzodiazepines

A

GAD, alcohol use disorder, panic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

nursing considerations for benzodiazepines

A

Med reconciliation, VS and LOC, monitor for toxicity, flumazenil (antidote) crash cart for toxicity and airway, fall precautions, monitor renal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pt teaching for benzodiazepines

A

Avoid CNS depressants like opioids and alcohol, notify HCP of CNS and resp depression, report amnesia , take as ordered, report paradoxical response, s/s withdrawal, taper when d/c, limit continuous use, sleep hygiene, avoid grapefruit juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

side/adverse effects of benzodiazepines

A

Hangover, REM rebound(vivid dreams and nightmares), CNS and resp depression, anterograde amnesia, toxicity, paradoxical response, physical dependence, tolerance, withdrawal effects, hypersensitivity rxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what drugs are listed under non-benzodiazepines?

A

Zolpidem,zaleplon,eszopiclone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

indications for non-benzodiazepines

A

Insomnia (short-term mngmt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what drug is in the Hydantoin class

A

phenytoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

indications for hydantoins

A

Anticonvulsant, raises seizure threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

adverse effects of hydantoins

A

CNS symptoms(nystagmus, slurred speech, mental confusion, insomnia, HA, dizziness, nervousness, tremor), nausea,gingival hyperplasia, blood dyscrasias, osteomalacia, stevens-johnson syndrome, liver damage, cardiac collapse (IV), endocrine effects (hirstuism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pt teaching for hydantoins

A

Take calcium and vitamin D, avoid herbs and OTC meds, take at same time each day, do not abruptly stop meds, pregnancy category D, avoid CNS depressants and grapefruit juice, monitor for skin rash and report seizure activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

carbamazepine

A

Anticonvulsant used as mono therapy/adjunctive therapy for tonic clonic mix and complex partial seizures in adults with epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

therapeutic drug levels for carbamazepine

A

4-12mcg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

adverse effects of carbamazepine

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, unsteadiness,N/V/D, stevens-Johnson syndrome, suicidal ideation, suicidality,hepatotoxicty
Black box warning for blood dyscrasias(aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia), HF, and fluid overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

nursing considerations for carbamazepine

A

CBC, serum drug level, monitor for SI, CNS changes, ECG, electrolytes, lung sounds and edema, seizure precautions, LFT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

donepezil indications

A

used to treat mild-moderate dementia associated what Alzheimer’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

nursing considerations for donepezil

A

Assess for improvement in cognitive function, crash cart in case of Cholinergic crisis (ventilation needed atropine=antidote for cholinergic crisis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cholinergic crisis

A

Increased GI motility, bradycardia, muscle twitches and contractions , pupillary constriction (miosis), increased salivation and sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

indications for carbidopa-levodopa

A

Parkinson’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pt teaching for carbidopa-levodopa

A

Do not stop abruptly, eat food after taking and avoid protein , change positions slowly, avoid activities that require alertness, good oral hygiene for dry mouth, avoid multivitamins that contain B6(pyroxidine) and iron , darkening of urine is expected, notify HCP of a/e(palpitations, urinary retention, involuntary movements, behaviors changes, new skin lesions, severe N/V/D), risk for injury and falls, on/off syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

neostigmine

A

Reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, indirect acting Cholinergic agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

indications for neostigmine

A

Treat and diagnose myasthenia gravis, reverse neuromuscular blockade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

side/adverse effects of neostigmine

A

Excessive muscarinic stimulation, Cholinergic crisis, myasthenic crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

nursing considerations for neostigmine

A

Contraindicated in those with GI obstruction, ileus, urinary tract obstruction,peritonitis, use cautiously in those with peptic ulcer disease, hypothyroidism, seizure disorder, hypotension, bradycardia
Antidote is atropine
Edrophonium IV can determine between Cholinergic and myasthenic crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what drugs are in the central-acting muscle relaxants class

A

Baclofen, dantrolene, cyclobenzaprine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

indications for central-acting muscle relaxants class

A

muscle spasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

evaluation for central-acting muscle relaxants

A

Dereases pain and increase ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what are the neuromuscular blocking drugs?

A

Succinylcholine (depolarizing)
Vancuronium and pancuronium (non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

adverse effects and treatment for neuromuscular blocking drugs

A

Respiratory arrest(paralyzed resp muscles) and muscle pain (12-24 hrs after d/c) antidote is neostigmine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what are the typical antipsychotic drugs in the class

A

Haloperidol, chlorpromazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

indications for typical antipsychotic drugs

A

Schizophrenia and drug-induced psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

adverse effects of typical antipsychotics

A

Acute dystonia, Parkinsonism, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, anticholinergics effects, neuroendocrine, seizures, skin effects, orthostatic hypotension, sedation, agranulocytosis, liver impairment, severe dysrhythmias, sexual dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

S/s of neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

Sudden high-grade fever, BP fluctuations, dysrhythmias, muscle rigidity, diaphoresis, tachycardia, changes in LOC leading to coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what drugs are in the atypical antipsychotics class

A

Clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

side/adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics

A

DM, weight gain, hypercholesterolemia, orthostatic hypotension agranulocytosis, anticholinergic effects, agitation, dizziness, sedation, sleep disturbance, mild EPS, elevated prolactin levels, sexual dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

pt teaching for atypical antipsychotics

A

Report abnormal movements
May cause drowsiness
Avoid CNS depressants
Report s/s of DM
Diet and exercise
Change positions slowly
Teach ways to manage anticholinergic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what are the SSRI drugs

A

Sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine,paroxetine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

indications for SSRIs

A

Tx for major depression (and PTSD and anxiety)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

adverse effects of SSRIs

A

Sexual dysfunction, weight loss, serotonin syndrome, rash , gi bleeding, bruxism, hyponatremia, withdrawal syndrome,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

nursing considerations for SSRIs

A

Interacts with grapefruit juice (risk for toxicity) and warfarin , pregnancy category C(Paroxetine is category D), contraindicated Erin those taking MAOIs or TCAs
Assess for SI and nonadherence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

MAOIs

A

Inhibits MAO
Never mix with other antidepressants
MAOOI
Massive HTN crisis risk
Avoid tyramine
OTC meds-CAAN=calcium,antacids, acetaminophen,NSAIDs=HTN crisis
Other antidepressants
Inc SI risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

what drugs are in the MAOI class

A

Phenelzine, isocarboxacid, selegiline transdermal, tranylcypromine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

indications for MAOIs

A

Tx for neurotic or atypical depression , panic disorder, social phobia
2-4 weeks for therapeutic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

interactions with MAOIs

A

Drug: any CNS stimulant, sympathomimetic, vasopressin’s, TCAs, SSRIs, general anesthetics
Food: Tyramine- aged cheese and meats, pickled pods, coffee, yogurt, chocolate, beer and red wine , yeast, bananas,liver smoked meats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

indications for lithium

A

Mood stabilizer that reduces fluctuations in moods- bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Low therapeutic index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

toxicity levels for lithium

A

0.6-1.2= therapeutic range
Early= below 1.5
Advanced= 1.5-2.0
Severe=2-2.5 (possible death)
Lithium greater than 2.5mEq/L=coma and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

s/s of lithium toxicity (severe)

A

Extreme Polyuria, tinnitus, ataxia, involuntary movements, severe hypotension, seizures , irritability, tachycardia, anxiety, diaphoresis, tremors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

pt teaching for lithium

A

Dehydration increases risk for toxicity, pregnancy category D, calming effect, takes days to reach desired effect, must be tapered, monitor sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

what drugs are in the TCA class

A

Amitriptyline,nortriptyline, imipramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

side/adverse effects for TCAs

A

Anticholinergic effects, orthostatic hypotension, sedation , toxicity, decreased seizures threshold, excessive sweating, sexual dysfunction, arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

what drugs are in the NSAIDs class

A

Aspirin,ibuprofen,Ketorolac, naproxen, indomethacin, diclofenac, meloxicam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

adverse effects of NSAIDs

A

Bleeding,N/V, renal impairment, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity(ibuprofen), Reye’s syndrome( viral illness in children on aspirin) salicylism (aspirin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

nursing interventions for NSAIDs

A

Take with food, increases fluids to protect kidneys, avoid alcohol and G herbs (ginger, ginseng, ginkgo and garlic), report s/s bleeding, s/s MI or stroke, do not cut crush or chew EC tabs, ketorolac can ace kidney damage if use more than 5 days, stop taking aspirin 1 wk before surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

indications for aspirin

A

Inflammation, fever, pain, MI prevention, acute chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

drug interactions for aspirin

A

Warfarin and alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

adverse effects of aspirin

A

Bleeding, renal impairment, salicylism, Reye’s syndrome, nephrotoxicity (high doses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

what drugs are in the antigout class

A

Colchicine(acute attack), allopurinol (prophylacticinhibiting uric acid production), probenecid (prophylactically inhibits uric reabsorption)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

nursing interventions for antigout meds

A

Increase fluids, take with food, avoid grapefruit juice and alcohol, foods high in purine, monitor for bleeding and infection, metallic taste with allopurinol- not concerning , monitor uric acid and CBC as well as LFT/RFT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

pt teaching for antigout meds

A

Avoid grapefruit juice, alcohol and foods high in purine. S/S bleeding and infections- report
Take with food
Increase fluids
Allopurinol causes a metallic taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

methotrexate

A

DMARD (disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug), used when NSAIDs do not control pain, prevent progression, immunomodulator- slow/delay worsening of RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

indications for methotrexate

A

Rheumatoid arthritic pain not manageable by NSAIDs, slow or delay the worsening of RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

contraindications for methotrexate

A

Pregnancy category X, liver failure, alcohol use disorders, blood dyscrasias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

opioid agonist drugs

A

Morphine, fentanyl, codeine, heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, oxycodone, oxymorphone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

adverse effects of opioid agonists

A

Sedation, respiratory depression, dysphoria, hallucinations,N/V, constipation, cardiac arrest, nephrotoxicity, myosis, physical dependence, hypotension, urinary infrequency, dry mouth, itch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

what drug is in the opioid antagonist class

A

Naloxone, Narcan, naltrexone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

how would you know you need to give the opioid antagonist

A

Respiratory depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

how do you recognize cephalosporins

A

cef- or ceph-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

how do you recognize penicillins?

A

-cillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

indications for cephalosporins and penicillins

A

Bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

general adverse rxns and tx for penicillins and cephalosporins

A

Hypersensitivity, superinfection, neuropathy , CNS toxicity, hepatic injury, bleeding, C. DIFF
Evaluate LFT and RFT, report s/s diarrhea, increase fluids, report s/s bleeding. Vancomycin tx for C. DIFF ad MRSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

nursing interventions for penicillins and cephalosporins

A

ask for allergies
Culture and sensitivity needed
RFT and LFT
Monitor for candidiasis
Monitor for bleeding
Report abnormals
Ceftriaxone=ventrogluteal , take probiotic, avoid alcohol, s/s infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

vancomycin side and adverse effects

A

Red man syndrome, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, Steven-Johnson syndrome, thrombophlebitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

nursing interventions for vancomycin

A

Culture and sensitivity first, monitor peak and trough, administer IV 60 min or more, hearing changes ?, monitor infusion site, RFT, superinfection?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

how do you recognize fluoroquinolones?

A

-oxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

indications for fluoroquinolones

A

Broad spectrum abx that inhibits DNA replication to complicated infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

adverse effects for fluoroquinolones

A

Achilles tendon rupture, arthropathy, superinfection, crystalluria, hypersensitivity rxns,photosensitivity, GI upset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

what drug did we talk about in the aminoglycosides class

A

Gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

peak and trough levels for aminoglycosides

A

Peak= 30 min after administration complete
Trough= 15-30 min before next dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Indications for INH

A

TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

side/adverse effects for INH

A

Peripheral Neuropathy(vit B6 helps), hepatotoxicity(most reversible)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

nursing interventions for INH

A

Give B6 (pirodoxine)
S/S monitor hepatitis, RFT regularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

pt teaching for INH

A

Take B6 for neuropathy
Avoid alcohol and foods with tyramine(beer, one, protein dietary supplement), use barrier method for birth control, S/S hepatitis (jaundice, abd pain, fatigue, nausea, LFTs will be drawn regularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

acyclovir indications

A

Antiviral medication- HSV (herpes simplex virus) and Varicella oyster virus (shingles-> dermatomes)

95
Q

fluconazole indications

A

Vagina yeast infection, antifungal (systemic) used to treat mycoses
Two organisms- candida and dermatophite

96
Q

tamoxifen indications

A

Breast cancer - stops growth of breast center cells by blocking estrogen

97
Q

Adverse effects of tamoxifen

A

Endometrial cancer/ vagina bleeding, hypercalcemia, blood clots (pregnancy category D)

98
Q

Epoetin alfa

A

Stimulates production of RBCs, produced by kidneys

99
Q

Indications for epoetin Alfa

A

kidney disease pt, chemo, surgery, HIV/AIDS, anemia

100
Q

Adverse effects of epoetin Alfa

A

HTN, risk for thrombotic events, DVT, HA, body aches

101
Q

Oprelvekin

A

growth factors for platelets

102
Q

Indications for oprelvekin

A

Severe thrombocytopenia

103
Q

Evaluating effectiveness for oprelvekin

A

Monitor CBC (clotting time)

104
Q

Decongestants drugs

A

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, tetrahydrozoline, zylometazoline

105
Q

Indications for decongestants

A

Temporary relieve nasal congestion by vasoconstriction

106
Q

Side effects for decongestants

A

Tachycardia, nervousness, restlessness, anxiety, dry mucous membranes, tremor, weakness

107
Q

Adverse effects of decongestants

A

Palpitations, HTN, arrhythmias, hallucinations, delusions, convulsions

108
Q

Contraindications for decongestants

A

Glaucoma and those with preexisting HTN, cardiac disease, and hyperthyroidism… caution in those with DM

109
Q

Methylxanthines- avoid

A

Smoking (decrease serum levels of med), caffeine (coffee, tea, soda, chocolate), report N/V/D and restlessness (toxicity)

110
Q

Drugs in methylxanthines class

A

Theophylline and aminophylline

111
Q

Indications for methylxanthines

A

Used for asthma and bronchospasms, reversal for chronic airway limitation

112
Q

Drug interactions for methylxanthines

A

Smoking and caffeine= decreases drug serum levels
Serum levels must be monitored= 5-15mcg/mL

113
Q

Mucolytic drug

A

Acetylcysteine-used to liquify secretions
Smells bad-rotten eggs

114
Q

Pt teaching for mucolytic

A

Increase fluids, deep breathing and coughing, IS, does not stop cough, nebulizer administeration

115
Q

Beta 2 agonist drugs in this class

A

Albuterol, levalbuterol, formoterol, salmeterol, epinephrine

116
Q

Indications for beta 2 agonist

A

Prevent asthma attack, acute asthma attack tx, tx for acute bronchospasm and prevent exercise induced asthma, tx for COPD

117
Q

Short acting vs long acting beta 2 agonist

A

short acting= rescue , 2-3 X q wk (Albuterol, levalbuterol)
Long-acting = formoterol, salmetorol (maintenance and prevention)

118
Q

Pt teaching for beta 2 agonists

A

Use bronchodilator before corticosteroid, use as ordered (rescue 2-3 times per week= routine needs change)
Use a spacer and how
Limit/avoid caffeine

119
Q

Adverse effects for beta 2 agonists

A

Tachycardia, HTN, palpitations dizziness, angina, hyperglycemia,

120
Q

Most common s/e of Albuterol?

A

Tremors, anxiety, nervousness

121
Q

How do you recognize inhaled corticosteroids?

A

-asone, -onide, -olide

122
Q

Indications for inhaled corticosteroids

A

Asthma and COPD
Inflammation, maintenance drugs

123
Q

Pt teaching for inhaled corticosteroids

A

Use bronchodilator first then steroid, spacer, rinse spacer and MDI, rinse mouth and throat,use everyday, can take up to 4 weeks for effects, avoid sick crowds and lots of ppl- hand hygiene, taper off, contraindicated if live virus vaccine taken or active fungal infection

124
Q

Cardiac glycosides

A

3 actions
Positive inotropic (inc myocardial contraction)
Negative chronotropic (dec HR)
Negative dromotropic (dec conduction)
Increases pumping ability

125
Q

What drugs are in the cardiac glycosides class

A

Digoxin, digitoxin, digitalis

126
Q

Indications for cardiac glycosides

A

HF, A.Fib, A flutter
Decrease workload and increase contractility=increase output

127
Q

Side /adverse effects of cardiac glycosides

A

Cardio toxicity (bradycardia), GI effects (anorexia, N/V/D), CNS effects (green yellow halos, diplopia, dysrhythmias, fatigue, drowsiness, HA)

128
Q

Nursing interventions for cardiac glycosides

A

Take apical pulse prior to administration- hold if <60
S/S HF(SOB, edema, crackles, ect)
Digoxin level 0.5-2ng/mL
Potassium level 3.5-5

129
Q

What drugs are in the nitrate class

A

Nitroglycerin, amyl nitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate

130
Q

Indications for nitrates

A

Angina
Decrease Cardiac oxygen demand and vasodilators to lower preload

131
Q

Pt teaching for transdermal nitrate patch

A

Patches is for chronic pain, rotate sites, make sure skin is hairless and dry, take it off at bedtime to prevent tolerance

132
Q

Side effects for nitrates

A

HA, hypotension, dizziness, weakness, syncope, flushing, peripheral edema, tolerance

133
Q

Adverse effects For nitrates

A

Orthostatic hypotension, reflect tachycardia, palpitations, dyspnea

134
Q

Contraindications for nitrates

A

Concurrent use of PDE5 inhibitors,alcohol use, hypotension,BP meds, vasodilators, cardiac hx

135
Q

What drugs are in potassium sparing diuretics

A

Spironolactone, amiloride, triamterene, eplerenone

136
Q

Indications for potassium-sparing diuretics

A

Tx for hypokalemia, fluid retention/edema

137
Q

Side and adverse effects for potassium-sparing diuretics

A

Hyperkalemia, dizziness, androgen effects, gynecomastia, diarrhea, increased risk of gastric bleeding, tumor-prone, HA, abd cramping

138
Q

Nursing interventions for potassium-sparing diuretics

A

Monitor for s/s hyperkalemia(N/V, diarrhea, paresthesia, tachycardia, oliguria, abd cramps), monitor potassium levels, educate on potassium-rich foods, long half-life

139
Q

What drug is in the thiazides class?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

140
Q

Indications for thiazides

A

Edema, HF, central HTN, hyperkalemia, urinary retention

141
Q

Evaluation for thiazides

A

BP, edema, dyspnea, crackles decreases (if fluid retention or HTN)

142
Q

What drug is in the loop diuretic class

A

Furosemide

143
Q

Indications for loop diuretics

A

HTN, edema/fluid overload (edema, dyspnea, crackles, BP)

144
Q

Pt teaching for loop diuretics

A

Change positions slowly
Take in AM (urinate frequently)
Check BG for DM pts
Teach K+ rich foods (bananas, potato, tomato apricot, spinach, citrus fruits, dried fruit , nuts
S/S hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia
Take with food
Wear sunscreen (phototoxicity)
Avoid foods high in sodium
Daily weight
Keep BP log

145
Q

Evaluating effectiveness for loop diuretics

A

S/s FVO and BP improve

146
Q

How do you recognize calcium channel blockers

A

-dipine, -mil, -dial except diltiazem

147
Q

Indications for calcium channel blockers

A

HTN

148
Q

Adverse effects of calcium channel blockers

A

Edema(hands, feet, ankles), hypotension, bradycardia(reflex tachycardia), CHF, flushing, palpitations

149
Q

Nursing considerations for calcium channel blockers

A

Monitor VS, ECG, I&O, DW, labs, edema, and flushing

150
Q

Pt teaching for CCBs

A

Taper the dose, report CP or SOB, drug interactions (statins, grapefruit juice)

151
Q

Clonidine

A

Central-acting alpha 2 agonist; transdermal patch

152
Q

Clonidine indications

A

Stimulate alpha 2 receptors-vasodilation decrease CO, antihypertensive

153
Q

Clonidine pt teaching

A

Change every 7 days, watch for skin rxns, make sure skin is clean and dry and hairless, and reapply rotating sites ; monitor BP at home
Anticholinergic effects

154
Q

ACE inhibitors- how will you recognize them

A

-pril

155
Q

Indications for ACE inhibitors

A

Tx for HTN and HF by blocking aldosterone release in the RAAS, preservers renal function

156
Q

Side effects for ACE inhibitors

A

Dry, irritated cough- hyperkalemia

157
Q

Adverse effects of ACE inhibitors

A

Angioedema, elevated potassium

158
Q

Pt teaching for ACE inhibitors

A

Taper the dose, avoid K+ foods, BP range and normal, how to take BP, pregnancy

159
Q

Cultural considerations for ACE inhibitors

A

Not as effective monotherapy for black pts; diuretics (thiazide) used first

160
Q

Warfarin

A

Tx for DVT, prevent thrombus formation in those with A-fib or prosthetic heart valves, prevent MI, PE, TIA

161
Q

Labs and therapeutic values for warfarin

A

PT and INR
PT:18-24 sec
INR:2-3=therapeutic

162
Q

Interactions for warfarin

A

Aspirin and others antiplatelet/ anticoagulant drugs , alcohol, preg cat X, highly protein bound

163
Q

Pt teaching for warfarin

A

Vitamin K=antidote
Foods high in vitamin K
Avoid smoking (inc metabolism of warfarin)
Avoid prolonged sitting and crossing legs, notify dentist
Bleeding precautions
S/s hepatitis and report
Pregnancy category X

164
Q

Nursing considerations for warfarin

A

Bleeding percautions- soft bristle toothbrush, electric razor
Antidote is vitamin K- keep it at bedside
Monitor for s/s bleeding
Labs-PT and INR monitor LFT

165
Q

Antidote for warfarin

A

Vitamin K

166
Q

What is heparin used to treat

A

Stroke, PE, DVT
Prevents clotting

167
Q

Labs and therapeutic levels for heparin

A

aPTT before every infusion and any rate change q4-6hrs
aPTT:60-80 sec
Platelets: > or = 100,000 (100-400k)

168
Q

Interactions for heparin

A

NSAIDs, blood thinners

169
Q

Antidote for heparin

A

Protamine sulfate

170
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors

A

reduce cholesterol levels

171
Q

How do you recognize HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors?

A

-statin

172
Q

Baseline labs for HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors

A

Cholesterol: 150-200
HDL:>60
LDL:<100
Triglyceride:40-150
LFT:ALT and AST
RFT
Creatinine kinase
Homocysteine
CRP
Eye exam yearly

173
Q

Nursing interventions for HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors

A

Monitor s/s hepatotoxicity
LFT
CK monitor
Avoid alcohol and grapefruit juice
Report myalgia
Report pregnancy (X)
Take before bed (when body makes cholesterol)
Take with food

174
Q

Side effects for HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors

A

HMGCRI
Hepatotoxicity
Myopathies
GI effects
Cataract risk increase
Rhabdomyolysis
Increased risk of DM
Diplopia

175
Q

Adverse effects of HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors

A

Rhabdomyolysis , hepatotoxicity,myalgia, brown/tea colored urine (bad)

176
Q

What drug is in the surfactant laxative class

A

Docusate sodium

177
Q

Indications for surfactant laxatives

A

Constipation in MI and aneurysm pts
Risk for fecal impaction
Older adults
Immobile pts
Pregnant pts
Pts on opioids

178
Q

Mechanism of action for surfactant laxatives

A

Promotes defecation-stool softener
Prevents staining and hemorrhoids and decreases risk for fecal impaction
Inc water and electrolytes in intestines

179
Q

Lactulose

A

Osmotic laxative

180
Q

Indications for Lactulose

A

Constipaqtion and prevents and tx for portal-systemic encephalopathy
Dec ammonia levels

181
Q

Sucralfate

A

Mucosal protectant

182
Q

Indications for Sucralfate

A

Stomach ulcer

183
Q

Mechanism of action for sucralfate

A

Coats stomach mucosa and protects ulcer
1 hr before meals and at bedtime
Major s/e=constipation

184
Q

Evaluation of sucralfate

A

Less stomach pain

185
Q

Misoprostol

A

Mucosal protectant

186
Q

Indications for misoprostol

A

NSAID-induced stomach ulcer

187
Q

Mechanism of action for misoprostol

A

Increases mucin and bicarbonate release, inhibits acid secretion, protects stomach lining, repairs ulcer
PREGNANCY CAT X

188
Q

Evaluation for misoprostol

A

Reduced pain

189
Q

Antacids

A

Increase gastric pH- two types

190
Q

What are the different types of antacids?

A

H2 receptor antagonists(inhibit gastric secretions) and PPI (proton pump inhibitors-suppress gastric acid)

191
Q

Pt teaching for antacids

A

Chew thoroughly, mix suspension and take with water or milk (8 oz)
2 hours after other drugs
HTN/HF pts avoid Na

192
Q

H2 Receptor blockers

A

-tidine

193
Q

What drugs are in the H2 receptor blocker class

A

Cimetidine and famotidine

194
Q

Indications for H2 receptor blockers

A

Prevent histamine induced acid release, first choice-drugs for tx of ulcers

195
Q

Interactions for H2 Receptor blockers

A

Smoking(decreases effectiveness), warfarin and lidocaine (inc effectiveness), NSAIDs and aspirin

196
Q

Pt teaching for H2 receptor blockers

A

Avoid decaf coffee, alcohol, caffeine
Avoid smoking ‘avoid NSAIDs and aspirin
Schedule appt with PCP if s/s persist
Report s/s GI bleeding’
S/S resp infection
Take 30min-1 hr before eating
1-2 hrs apart from antacids

197
Q

Proton pump inhibitors

A

Reduce acid secretion

198
Q

How do you recognize proton pump inhibitors

A

-prazole

199
Q

Indications for proton pump inhibitors

A

Tx for ulcers, erosive esophagitis

200
Q

Adverse effects for proton pump inhibitors

A

HA, N/V/D(short-term use)
Pneumonia, osteoporosis/Dx, rebound acid hypersecretion, hepatotoxicity, hypomagnesemia (long-term use)

201
Q

Anti thyroid drugs

A

Methimazole(1st line tx) and Propylthiouracil(BBW:severe hepatoxicity)
Tx for grave’s disease, emergency management of thyrotoxicosis

202
Q

Evaluation for anti thyroid drugs

A

S/s hyperthyroidism decrease
3-12 weeks for benefits

203
Q

Indications for glucocorticoids

A

Malfunctioning adrenal glands , inhibit inflammatory and immunological responses
Promote catabolism of proteins and gluconeogenisis

204
Q

Adverse effects of glucocorticoids

A

Cushing’s syndrome (long-term use)
Osteoporosis/bone loss
Hyperglycemia and glucoscuria
Myopathy
PUD
Infection
Fluid/electrolyte imbalances
Growth suppression in children

205
Q

Pt teaching for glucocorticoids

A

Take it food in AM
S/s acute adrenal insufficiency
Avoid NSAIDs and report tarry black stools
Weight baring exercises and high calcium dit and vit D
S/s infection, muscle weakness, cushing’s
Do not stop abruptly

206
Q

Indications for Levothyroxine

A

Inc T3 and T4
Tx for goiter
Tx for hypothyroidism

207
Q

Pt teaching for Levothyroxine

A

Avoid some vitamins and supplements (dec absorption of Levo)
Take on empty stomach - 30-60 min before breakfast
List of meds
Read labels
Lifelong therapy
Do not abruptly stop
S/s hyperthyroidism
Monitor weight

208
Q

How will you recognize biphosphonate drugs?

A

-dronate

209
Q

Indications for biphosponates

A

Hyperparathyroidism
Inhibit osteoclast activity and dec bone turnover/resorption
Prophylaxis ant tx: post-menopausal osteoporosis’, males with osteoporosis, glucocorticoid osteoporosis and paget disease

210
Q

Adverse effects of biphosphonates

A

Esophagitis, esophageal ulceration, GI disturbances, musculoskeletal pain, visual disturbances, biphosphonate-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, kidney toxicity (IV infusion )

211
Q

Contraindications for biphosphonates

A

Preexisting swallowing or esophageal issues, severe kidney impairment, hypocalcemia or cannot it upright for 30 min

212
Q

Pt teaching for biphosphonates

A

Sit upright for 30 min after taking , on empty stomach, 8 oz water, report visual changes and GI issues, weight-bearing exercises and diet high in calcium and vit D, avoid dental work, Can take OTC analgesic

213
Q

What drugs are in the sulfonylureas class?

A

glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

214
Q

Indications for sulfonylureas

A

Oral hypoglycemic
T2DM
Insulin release from pancreas

215
Q

Adverse effects of sulfonylureas

A

Hypoglycemia, weight gain, hypersensitivity rxn

216
Q

Nursing considerations for sulfonylureas

A

Monitor for s/s hypoglycemia, assess POC glucose , teach pt to eat 15 g carb snacks,keep BG log give with breakfast

217
Q

Pt teaching for sulfonylureas

A

S/s hypoglycemia
15g carb snacks= 4oz OJ, 2 oz grape juice, 8 oz milk, glucose tabs per box instructions

218
Q

Indications for glucagon

A

Emergency management of insulin induced hypoglycemia; injection for unconscious pt

219
Q

Metformin indications

A

Control blood glucose levels in T2 DM
Three actions: reduce liver production of glucose, reduce absorption of glucose in intestines, increases insulin sensitivity

220
Q

Side effects of metformin

A

Weight loss,GI distress

221
Q

Adverse effects of metformin

A

Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency, lactic acidosis

222
Q

Mixing insulins

A

Inject air into NPH first then regular, draw up regular first then NPH

223
Q

Onset, peak, duration f rapid-acting insulin

A

Onset:15-30 min
Peak: 3pm in-2.5 hrs
Duration:3-6 hrs

224
Q

Onset, peak, duration of regular insulin

A

Onset 1-2 hrs
Peak: 6-14 hrs
Duration: 16-24 hrs

225
Q

Onset peak and duration of short-acting insulin

A

Onset: 30-60 min
Peak:1-5 hrs
Duration:6-10 hrs

226
Q

Onset peak and duration of long-acting insulin

A

Onset: 70 min
Peak:none
Duration:18-24 hrs

227
Q

Indications for oxybutynin

A

Dec urinary incontinence (OAB-overactive bladder)
Muscarinic antagonist

228
Q

Contraindications for oxybutynin

A

Glaucoma, myasathenia gravis, paralytic ileus, GI/GU obstruction, BPH, urinary retention

229
Q

Indications for bethanechol

A

Increases bladder tone, non obstructive urinary retention

230
Q

Side effects and adverse effects of bethanechol

A

SLUDGES
Electrolyte and fluid imbalances

231
Q

What drugs are in the PDE5 inhibitor class

A

sildenafil, tadalafil
Tx for ED, highly protein bound

232
Q

Contraindications for PDE5 inhibitors

A

Severe liver failure

233
Q

Toxicity (ATI ch 5)

A

Pharmacology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions