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Pharmacology > Exam 1- PCC2 lec > Flashcards

Exam 1- PCC2 lec Flashcards

1
Q

What procedure is the Z track method used for?

A

IM injection

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2
Q

What displaces the skin to prevent leakage into the needle track and subcutaneous tissues while avoiding discomfort?

A

Z track method

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3
Q

What are the rights of med administration?

A

Right client, right med, Right time, right route, right dose,right documentation

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4
Q

How many “rights” are there for med administration?

A

Six

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5
Q

What are patient rights in regards to medications?

A

Right to be informed about a medication, right to refuse a medication, right to be properly advised about experimental natures of medication, right to receive labeled meds safely, right to receive appropriate support therapy, right to not receive unnecessary medications, right to be informed if meds are a part of a research study

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6
Q

What medication route entails buccal and lingual medications?

A

Oral

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7
Q

What medication route is the most common?

A

Enteral

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8
Q

What medication route entails medications given by injection or IV

A

Parenteral

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9
Q

How many IM injection locations are there?

A

Three

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10
Q

What are the IM injection sites?

A

Deltoid, vastus lateralis, and ventrogluteal

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11
Q

If a controlled med has to be thrown away, what do you do?

A

Another nurse or HCP who is licensed to give that medication has to be with you to waste at a designated area

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12
Q

Who reports errors?

A

Whoever finds it

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13
Q

If you make a mistake what do you do?

A

Report yourself, you are legally mandated to!

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14
Q

What are the routes of medication administration?

A

Oral, topical, intraocular, Parenteral, inhalation,specialized

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15
Q

What are the Parenteral routes of medication administration?

A

IV, IM,ID,SC

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16
Q

What are some specialized Parenteral routes of medication administration?

A

Epidural, intraperitoneal, intrapleural, intraarterial

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17
Q

When administering nasal drops, is it a clean or sterile procedure?

A

Sterile

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18
Q

When administering nasal spray, is it a clean or sterile procedure?

A

Clean

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19
Q

What should the HCP be aware of when administering topical medications?

A

YOUR HANDS ARE SKIN AND ABSORB THINGS, WEAR GLOVES!!!

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20
Q

When mixing medications from a vial and an ampule, which medication do you pull first?

A

“VA” vial then ampule

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21
Q

What is one medication that should NEVER be mixed with ANYTHING?

A

Long term insulin

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22
Q

STAT

A

Emergency, immediately

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23
Q

Now

A

Urgent, but not an emergency

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24
Q

PRN

A

As needed by the patient

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25
Q

One-time

A

Given ONCE at a specific time for a specific situation

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26
Q

Standing order

A

A continuous order, routine of time/ frequency and dose until the order is changed or discontinued

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27
Q

When mixing insulin, which vial do you inject air into first?

A

NPH (cloudy)

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28
Q

When mixing insulin, which vial do you draw medication out of first?

A

Regular insulin (“RN”, “clear to cloudy”) then NPH

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29
Q

When mixing insulin, how do you ensure that the medications are thoroughly assimilated?

A

Roll it in between your hands like its cold outside, NEVER shake

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30
Q

Why can we not shake the mixed insulin vial?

A

It can change the reactions of the medications coming together and alter the function/affects of the med on the patient

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31
Q

What is the injection type for insulin administration?

A

Subcutaneous

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32
Q

What is the angle for a SC injection?

A

45-90 degrees

33
Q

Why does a SC injection have a range of angles to choose from when administering the shot?

A

It depends on the adipose tissue available on the patient

34
Q

When would you use a 90 degree angle with a SC injection?

A

If the patient’s body mass is greater than average

35
Q

What is the angle used for an ID injection?

A

15 degrees

36
Q

What type of needle is used for an ID injection?

A

Tuberculin syringe

37
Q

Where is a SC injection given?

A

2-3 inches from the naval

38
Q

What is important to remember about SC injections?

A

Always rotate sites!

39
Q

How do you know an ID injection is successfully administered?

A

A bleb or wheal forms

40
Q

What is a common example of a reason to give a SC injection?

A

Insulin and blood thinner administration

41
Q

What is a common example of a reason to use an ID injection?

A

TB skin test

42
Q

What is the angle used for an IM injection?

A

90 degrees

43
Q

What length of needle is used for an ID injection?

A

1/2 inch

44
Q

What gauge of needle is used for an ID injection?

A

28G

45
Q

What gauge and needle length is used for a SC injection?

A

25G 5/8”

46
Q

What gauge(s) and needle length(s) is/are used for an IM injection?

A

21-23G 1 1/2-2”

47
Q

What factors influence what needle you choose for your procedure/med adminstration?

A

Route ordered, size of the patient, and viscosity of the medication

48
Q

What is no longer accepted as a way to check if your injection entered a vessel instead of the muscle?

A

Aspirating

49
Q

If a medication dose is of a high volume and it is viscous, where would a nurse inject that medication?

A

Ventrogluteal site

50
Q

If a medication is of a smaller volume and viscosity, where would a nurse inject that medication?

A

Deltoid

51
Q

What are the types of insulin?

A

Rapid, short, intermediate, and long-acting

52
Q

What two insulins should never be mixed?

A

LANTUS or LEVEMIR

53
Q

What are the reasons a patient would get a catheter?

A

Incontinence and sacral/perineal wound, acute urinary retention, acute bladder outlet obstruction, prolonged periods of immobility, a need to accurately record output in a critically ill patient, genitourinary surgery, end of life care

54
Q

How can CAUTI be prevented?

A

Only use a catheter as long as it is NEEDED- remove ASAP, only properly trained insert/remove, aseptic technique and sterile equipment for insertion, maintain a closed system, empty the bag when half full, keep the bag below the bladder/waist, never hang the bag on a moveable part of the bed (like bed rails), proper pericare, standard precautions and hand hygiene, maintain unobstructed urine flow

55
Q

What are the methods of obtaining a urine specimen?

A

Clean catch (C&S), random specimen, first morning (8 hour urine collection),timed collection (24 hour urine collection)

56
Q

How is a clean catch urine sample collected?

A

Cleanse area (Side, side, middle with separate wipes for female, circular for males), begin voiding, STOP midstream, then begin voiding into cup again

57
Q

Can a urine collection cup touch any part of the patients body and why?

A

No- contamination

58
Q

What instructions are required for a random urine collection?

A

No time, no special instructions

59
Q

Which urine sample is the most concentrated?

A

First morning or the 8 hour sample

60
Q

What is the most common reason for an 8 hour urine sample?

A

Pregnancy tests

61
Q

What urine sample process is the most tedious?

A

The timed collection or the 24 hour collection process

62
Q

What makes the 24 hour urine collection process so tedious?

A

No part of the cup or jug can be contaminated and if only ONE DROP is spilled, or missing bc pt voided without collecting—-> START OVER

63
Q

What is an important part of the 24 hour collection process?

A

Pt must empty bladder completely before collecting the first void to begin the start time of the collecting process and must end the collecting process at the end time with emptying the bladder. MUST BE STORED ON ICE

64
Q

What is important for a nurse to remember in regards to ALL specimen collections?

A

ALL specimen must be labeled with date, time, and initial and patient info (as neeed), put into a biohazard bag and sent off to the lab

65
Q

What does C&S stand for?

A

Culture and sensitivity- what is it and how can we kill it?

66
Q

What does a random urine sample test for?

A

UA and microanalysis

67
Q

What does a first morning specimen test for?

A

Creatinine, BUN, glucose, NA, K, proteins and catecholamines and 17-hydroxysteroids

68
Q

What is an NG tube?

A

Nasogastric tube

69
Q

Where does an NG tube reside?

A

Stomach

70
Q

What is a PEG tube?

A

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

71
Q

What is a PEJ tube?

A

Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy

72
Q

What are some nutrition concerns with NG,PEG, and PEJ tubes?

A

High glucose levels and bacterial risk

73
Q

What is important in terms of medication administration for NG,PEG,PEJ tubes?

A

Make sure that the medications will not react with one another, flush before, in between, and after each medication

74
Q

How many mL should a nurse flush a TF with?

A

30mL

75
Q

What are the steps to BG monitoring?

A

-Perform hand hygiene
-Identify patient with 2 identifiers
-Check the order for time or frequency and if pt is at any risks when punctured
-hand hygiene and assess area and health literacy of pt
-explain procedure and provide privacy
-obtain equipment needed
-remove reagent strip and check code on vial and insert into machine
-lance finger and wipe waste of first drop away
-dip blood onto strip and let machine process sample
-discard lancet in sharps, remove gloves and throw away trash
-hand hygiene

76
Q

what is important in regards to MRI safety?

A

It is a gain magnet- remove all metals if possible

77
Q

How would a nurse know if a metal implant or medical device is MRI safe?

A

Patient should have a card to identify them as MRI safe; newer line of implants and devices=safe

78
Q
A

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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