Final Flashcards
Ethology
biological basis of behavior
1. Survival value
2. Evolutionary history
Complete description or catalogue of an
organism’s behavior in it’s natural habitat
- Empirical – What is happening?
- Functional – Why is it happening
(interpretive)?
Social policy
- Applying theories & findings to help
social problems:
(teenage pregnancy, child abuse) - Social policy = actions to solve social
problem or fulfill a social goal, by:
- individuals
- small groups
- Fed. Gov’t. or state / city gov’t.
- International, National, Local Meetings
Behavioral genetics
Coming together of psychology and genetics
(B.G.)
Developmental Behavior Genetics-
genetically influenced behavioral changes
during development.
Normative approach to behavior
what is typical is children at a given age, it is helpful for pediatricians for their height, not talking fast enough for their age, could be an average between them
human development
- Prenatal→conception→birth
- Perinatal-at birth
Infancy→birth – 2 years
Early Childhood→2 – 5 or 6 years
Middle Childhood→6-11 years
Adolescence→11-18 years
Adulthood→18-65 years
Elderly→65+ years
Developmental psychology
branch of psychology concerned with development
WISC-IV
fourth edition of a widely used test for 6 through 16 year olds
WAIS-IV
Wechsler Adult intelligence
- in cognitive assessment and claims to measure intellectual performance
mean
the average of a data set, found by adding all numbers together and then dividing the sum of the numbers by the number of numbers.
standard deviation
a statistic that measures the dispersion of a dataset relative to its mean and is calculated as the square root of the variance
deviation IQ score
a standard score on an IQ test that has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation specific to that of the test administered, usually 15 or 16 for intelligence tests.
Kinesthetic ability
the capacity to manipulate objects and use a variety of physical skills
intelligence also involves a sense of timing and the perfection of skills through mind–body union
Athletes, dancers, surgeons, and crafts people exhibit well-developed bodily kinesthetic intelligence.
babbling
appears in which infant repeat consonant-vowel combinations often in long strings such as
bababba and nananana
wernicka’s area
located in left temporal lobe, plays a role in comprehending word meaning
brocas ares
located in the left frontal lobe, supports grammatical processing and language production
semantics
second component, involves vocal- the ay underlying concepts are expressed in words ad word combinations
phonology
refers to the rules governing the structure and sequence of speech sounds
simplex
When 2 tests are given close in time, the correlation is higher than when they are given farther in time
over extension (language)
- 1-2 1/2 years
- applying a word to a wider collection of objects and events that is appropriate
- toddler might use the word “car” for busses, trains, trucks
under extension (language)
applying words too narrowly-an error
- @ 16 months children might call a teddy bear “bear”
structure of temperament (3 types of children)
- easy child : 40 % of sample, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy is generally cheerful and adapts easily to new experiences
- difficult child : 10% of the sample, has irregular daily routines, is slow to accept new experiences and tends to rect negativity and intensely
- slow to warm up child: 15% in inactivity, shows mild, Lowkey reactions to environmental stimuli, is negative in mood and adjusts slowly to new experiences
temperament
early appearing, stable individual difference in reactivity and self regulation
- reactivity refers to quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention and motor action
- self regulation refers to strategies that modify that reactivity
EASI survey
The EASI is a measure of temperament that was modified for this study to assess the adolescent’s internal emotionality (Buss & Plomin, 1984).
Examples of items are “I am almost always calm-nothing ever bothers me,” and “I tend to be nervous in new situations.” The scale contains 14 items to which participants respond on a 5- point Likert scale ranging from “Strongly disagree” to “Strongly agree”. Higher scores indicate greater emotionality.
New York State longitudinal study
Direct observation and interviews with parents about their children to investigate styles of personality and temperament among children and discovered ways of identifying and giving relevant to nice qualities associated with temperament and personality