final Flashcards
Homestead Act
made land available to settlers. Increased the population of the west
Urbanization
Overcrowding
Sanitation problems
Tenements
Infrastructure
Corruption
Effects of assembly line in autos
cut the number of workers required and reduced the time it took to assemble a car.
New wave of immigrants:
Push factors: poverty, war, discrimination
Pull factors? freedom , jobs, opportunities
Immigrants from southern/eastern europe
Bessemer steel process
- the expansion of national railroads
- farming innovations
- steel frame skeletons
exodusters
African Americans who migrated from states along the Mississippi River to Kansas, as part of the Exoduster Movement or Exodus of 1879. It was the first general migration of black people following the Civil War.
Causes/effects of labor unions
causes: low working conditions, low wages, lack of representation
effects: improved working conditions, higher wages, increase job security, political influence
Jacob Riis
exposed bad living conditions of poor people
Effects of The Jungle
impact on the progressive era by exposing the horrors of the meatpacking industry and calling for reform. The novel led to important changes in food and drug regulations and increased awareness of worker exploitation.
Federal Reserve Act of 1913-
Established the federal reserve system to help with economic issues
Effects of political reform
improved government responsiveness, improved policy outcomes, increased stability
Pure Food & Drug Act
protection of consumer health
- banned impure or mislabeled food and drugs
Spanish American War as turning point
US became world power
It’s considered a turning point because it had more international influence
US acquired territory from Spain
Effects of Panama Canal-
Huge undertaking that Theodore Roosevelt oversaw
Improved trade and military movement
malaria/challenges of geography
Fourteen Points
Created league of nations - by Woodrow Wilson
- outlined Wilson’s vision for a new world order that would prevent future wars and promote peace and prosperity.
Reasons for US involvement
Lusitinia is sunk
Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare
Ties to allies
Zimmerman telegram
Sussex pledge
Why we didn’t ratify Treaty of Versailles
Opposition to the League of Nations, Partisan politics, Domestic concerns
Flappers
More independent
Women
Frances willard- temperance movement
Women rights movement
Buying on margin
stock prices were falsely inflated because too many people were buying stocks on margin (making payments)
SEC
securities and exchange commission watched over stock market to prevent another collapse
Hoover’s reaction around Great Depression
Rugged individualism
Believed government involvement should be limited
Reconstruction finance corp.
Mexican repatriation act- Hoover passed act to send Mexican American immigrants to their home country
Hoovervilles
FDR court packing
Promised a new deal - turning point in government involvement in the economy
“Fireside chats” reassured Americans
Eleanor Roosevelt- political activist
France Perkins- 1st female U.S Cabinet member as Secretary of Labor
Battle of Midway
turning point in war in Pacific
- Japanese vs Americans (won)
Vernon Baker
received Congressional Medal of Honor for courage in Europe
victory gardens
efforts to economically support the war
GI Bill (Readjustment Act)
help returning veterans readjust to civilian life by providing them with education and training, low-cost mortgages, and unemployment benefits.
Reasons for US involvement
pearl harbor attack on the US from the Japanese
NATO
US, Canada, and other Western European countries pledged to defend each other from communism
Effects of Sputnik on US
ignites space race
- buildup of weapons between US and Soviets
HUAC
congressional committee formed to investigate disloyalty
Brown v Board of Education
ruled segregation in public schools illegal
Dolores Huerta
led the United — Farm Workers (UFW) (rights of farm workers)
- Boycotts
Voting Rights Act of 1965
ended poll taxes and literacy tests to prevent discrimination in voting practices
Central HS in Little Rock
Little Rock Nine (1957) — 9 African American students who were escorted by federal troops to Central High School to enforce integration
Difference between Black Panther Party & MLK
black panther: believed a revolution was needed to gain equal rights more militant
MLK: peaceful protest of unjust laws
Effects of The Feminine Mystique
argued that women were not fulfilled by their roles as wives and mothers alone.
civil rights of 1957
Eisenhower’s effort to expand voting rights for African Americans
LBJ’s Great Society
a set of domestic programs and policies that aimed to address poverty and inequality in the United States.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
to use military force in Vietnam without a formal declaration of war.
OPEC oil embargo
formed by oil producing countries in 1960 to manage global oil prices
Chicano movement
art work to promote Hispanic culture during 1960s
Causes of US involvement in Lebanon
primarily due to concerns about the stability of the region and the threat posed by various factions vying for power within Lebanon
contract with America
was supported by most Republicans proposed by Newt Gingrich, Republican Speaker of the House
Persian Gulf War
Leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, invaded Kuwait for its oil wealth
significance of 2008
Financial Crisis of 2008 led to—
✯Home foreclosures
✯Fear of financial failures
✯Emergency Economic
Stabilization Act (2008) gave billions of dollars to prevent banks and businesses from failing
Patriot Act
to give Gov’t expanded power to conduct security measures following 9/11
Causes of US involvement in Afghanistan
Iraq— U.S. troops deployed when Hussein was thought to have weapons of mass destruction
Afghanistan—
U.S. troops deployed to find terrorists
Causes of Hurricane Katrina devastation
caused by natural disaster and human factors (levee failure, delayed rescue)
Hillary Clinton
as Secretary of State for Barack Obama
Affordable Care Act
Healthcare reform designed to make health care available to Americans
10th Amendment
further define the balance of power between the federal government and the states
Eminent domain
Eminent domain is the power of the government to take private property for public use, with just compensation to the owner. This power is derived from the Fifth Amendment
E Pluribus Unum
The phrase expresses the idea that a unified country can be created from diverse people and cultures.
Mendez v Westminster
challenged segregation in public schools in California.
- was an important victory for Mexican American civil rights, and paved the way for further legal challenges to segregation and discrimination in education
Hernandez v Texas
Mexican Americans and other racial and ethnic groups are entitled to equal protection under the law. The case arose when Pete Hernandez, a Mexican American agricultural worker, was convicted of murder by an all-white jury in Texas. -violated 14th amendment
Why did America drop the atomic bomb on Japan? Explain why or why not the action was justified.
- the united states wanted to end war, and wanted Japan to surrender in order to prevent from more lives to be lost from both sides.
- The bombings were intended to demonstrate the destructive power of the atomic bomb and to showcase the United States’ technological superiority.
- The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese in 1941 had a profound impact on the American public
What were the main foreign policy achievements of the Carter administration?
What were its downfalls?
Achievements:
- Camp David Accords: agreement between Egypt and Israel, Israel returned captured lands to Egypt in exchange for a permanent treaty that recognized Israel.
- Panama Canal treaties: the negotiated treaties between the United States and Panama to giving control of the Panama Canal to Panama
Downfalls:
- The Iran Hostage Crisis: Iranian militants held American hostages for 444 days, but there was a failure of rescue mission under Carter in which he was blamed for by the American people
Describe and explain Reaganomics. How successful was it and why?
Reagan’s economic policy which included tax cuts and reduced business regulations to help increase supply of products. It was successful due to the thousands of jobs it provided for the people, inflation dropped, and unemployment fell. At the same time it wasn’t because it led to Income inequality and national debt
Detail the election of 2000. Who were the major candidates and what were the main political issues? How was the outcome of this election ultimately decided?
- George W. Bush and the Democratic candidate Al Gore
- political issues were economy, healthcare, and education
- Bush secured a majority in the Electoral College, winning the presidency despite losing the national popular vote to Al Gore. The election resulted in debates about the electoral process and voting systems in the United States.
Discuss the presidency of George H. W. Bush. What were his strengths and Downfalls?
strengths:
- Foreign policy experience: Bush had experience in foreign affairs, having served as (CIA) and as Vice President under President Ronald Reagan.
- Leadership during the Gulf War: he knew how to demonstrate effective military strategy and diplomatic power.
downfalls:
- The Bush administration faced economic difficulties during his presidency, including a recession
- Bush was sometimes criticized for appearing distant and lacking empathy for the American people
