3rd midterm

Question 1

Growth of suburbs

Answer 1

• affordable singe family housing, good schools, friendly neighbors
• millions of homes built
• new highways, affordable automobiles, low gasoline prices
• a safe health environment for children

Question 2

baby boom

Answer 2

• american birthrate exploded after WWII
• the end of WWII led to more young couples getting married
• Gi Bill encouraged growth of families by offering benefits for home purchases
• pop culture glorified pregnancy parenthood and large families

Question 3

Beat generation

Answer 3

members of the beat generation were referred as “beatnicks” and set the stage for the rise of counter culture and hippies

Question 4

How is Korea separated?

Answer 4

North Korea is occupied by the soviet union and south Korea is occupied by the US (democratic)

Question 5

McCarthyism

Answer 5

Sen. Joseph McCarthy led a campaign to find and eliminate communists from high positions in the US government

Question 6

HUAC

Answer 6

House un-american activities committee was created to investigate subversive activities in the US, basically anyone thought to be communist

Question 7

Effects of Sputnik launch on US

Answer 7

• it was the first spacecraft to orbit the earth
• it led to the creation of NASA

Question 8

Korean War

Answer 8

communist north invaded south korea. They had help from Soviet Union and China
- US responded by sending troops to intervene on South Korea behalf, and thus marks the ending

Question 9

containment

Answer 9

the United States wanted to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II.

Question 10

Social conformity

Answer 10

The US, in an attempt to stop communism from spreading, molded their ideas of conformity into a tool of fear and intimidation. Pressure was put on anyone who challenged the status quo and any sort of contradiction could lead to extreme consequences.

Question 11

Desegregation

Answer 11

-Brown v. Board of Education, which declared segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional.
- Truman and civil rights: President Harry Truman issued an order desegregating the armed forces. This move was seen as a way to demonstrate American commitment to democracy and freedom in the face of Soviet criticism.

Question 12

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 12

• closest the world ever came to nuclear war
• Soviet Khrushchev moved missiles in Cuba to provide a deterrent to a potential US attack against the USSK.
• Kennedy imposed a blockade around Cuba to stop the arrival of more Soviet missiles

Question 13

Bay of Pigs

Answer 13

unsuccessful attempt by US backed cuban exists to overthrow the government of the cuban dictator Fidel Castro
- the invasion was proved by Kennedy

Question 14

Feminine Mystique- Betty Friedan

Answer 14

The goal of the book was to empower fellow college-educated women to seek fulfilling careers outside the home and to not limit their options to simply being wives and mothers.

Question 15

Tet offensive

Answer 15

militarily the NVA and VL were defeated politically and physiologically however it was a victory for the communists
- LBJ and General Westmoreland had been telling the American people that there was a “light at the end of the tunnel”
- people were against the war were called doves. those that were supportive were called hawks

Question 16

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Answer 16

congress grants LBJ the green light to take all necessary measures to protect American forces and prevent further aggression in Vietnam
- search and destroy missions

Question 17

protest in Vietnam

Answer 17

• Tinker V. Des Moines- supreme court ruled that students had the right to wear black armbands to school protest the Vietnam War

Question 18

Vietnamization

Answer 18

• The US slowly pulls out its military and makes the South Vietnamese responsible for fighting the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong
• turn over the war to south Vietnamese troops while gradually withdrawing US troops

Question 19

Differences between Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr

Answer 19

King believed in the integration of Black and white Americans and sought to bring about a society in which all people were judged by the content of their character rather than the color of their skin. Malcolm X, on the other hand, believed in Black separatism and argued that Black people should have their own institutions and communities separate from white society.

Question 20

brown v board of education

Answer 20

declared segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional.

Question 21

Greensboro sit-ins

Answer 21

• a series of nonviolent protests that occurred in Greensboro
• four African American college students sat down at a lunch counter in a local Woolworth’s store and asked to be served. At the time, segregation was still legal , and Woolworth’s, refused to serve Black customers.
• The students, who became known as the Greensboro Four, refused to leave the lunch counter until they were served.

Question 22

“Letter from Birmingham Jail”

Answer 22

• letter written by Martin Luther King Jr. while he was imprisoned in Birmingham, Alabama, for participating in a nonviolent protest against segregation.
• He argues that segregation is unjust and that people have a moral obligation to resist it. King defends the use of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience as effective means of achieving social change.

Question 23

Stokely Carmichael

Answer 23

Stokely Carmichael was a civil rights activist and leader in the Black Power movement
- Carmichael believed that Black people should be proud of their cultural heritage and should work together to build their own institutions and communities.

Question 24

Cesar Chavez

Answer 24

• Chavez was a strong advocate for the rights of farmworkers, who were often exploited and mistreated.
• he organized boycotts and strikes to pressure growers to improve working conditions and wages for farmworkers.

Question 25

ERA (equal rights amendment)

Answer 25

• equality of rights under the law shall not be denied by the US or by any state on account of sex

Question 26

EPA (environmental protection agency)

Answer 26

environmental protection agency or EPA was created to protect human health and the environment

Question 27

Nixon/watergate

Answer 27

• men were arrested for breaking into the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters at the Watergate office complex. The burglars were later identified as being connected to President Richard Nixon’s re-election campaign.
• led to Nixons impeachment and removal from office.

Question 28

silent majority

Answer 28

describe a large group of Americans who, Nixon believed, supported his policies but did not express their views publicly. Nixon stated that “the great silent majority of my fellow Americans” supported his efforts to end the war and restore order to the country.

Question 29

War powers act

Answer 29

-The purpose of the law was to provide a framework for the President and Congress to work together in making decisions about the use of military force
-The purpose of the War Powers Act was to ensure that the President did not have unchecked power to commit U.S. forces to military engagements without the approval or oversight of Congress.

Question 30

Compare and contrast the Red Scare of the 1920s to the Red Scare in the 1950s.
Who was targeted, why and what was the outcomes?

Answer 30

• similar: intense fear regarding the perceived threat of communism and both were periods of intense and suspicion
• In the 1920s, the Red Scare was primarily focused on fears of communist infiltration in the labor movement and immigrant communities. The government launched arrests and targeted suspected communist and anarchist groups. Thousands of individuals were arrested and deported.
• the Red Scare of the 1950s was primarily focused on fears of communist infiltration in the government and entertainment industry. The HUAC led a series of investigations into alleged communist activity, resulting in blacklists and ruined careers for many in the entertainment industry.

Question 31

What were the main reasons for suburban growth during the 1950s? How did it shape American society?

Answer 31

• increased economic prosperity- The GI Bill of Rights, provided returning veterans with access to low-interest home loans, which allowed many to buy homes in the suburbs.
• affordable housing
• demographic changes- The baby boom led to an increase in the number of families seeking homes, and many of them were drawn to the suburbs.
• It contributed to the rise of the middle class and led to the development of a new consumer culture centered around the suburban lifestyle.

Question 32

Discuss and explain the rise of youth culture in the 1950s.

Answer 32

-the influence of new forms of popular culture, particularly rock and roll music. Artists such as Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry became icons of youth culture, and their music was seen as a symbol of rebellion and independence.
- young people became involved in movements for civil rights, peace, and social justice.

Question 33

Discuss the Civil Rights movement in the 1950s. What civil rights were achieved and how it led to further action?

Answer 33

-The Civil Rights Movement was a major social and political movement in the United States that aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans.
- Supreme Court issued its landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which declared that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
- The movement also focused on challenging segregation in public accommodations, such as restaurants and hotels.

Question 34

the civil rights movement included other minorities asserting their rights. Describe how Hispanics and Native Americans fought for equality.

Answer 34

• Hispanic civil rights movement was the Delano grape strike of 1965, led by the United Farm Workers (UFW) union. The strike involved thousands of Hispanic farmworkers who were protesting against low wages and poor working conditions.
• Native American activists organized a number of protests and demonstrations , such as the occupation of Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay in 1969, and the 71-day occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1973.

Question 35

Discuss and explain major legislation of LBJ’s “Great Society” and its impact on the future of American society.

Answer 35

• Medicare and Medicaid: These two programs were created to provide health care coverage for seniors and low-income individuals. They have helped to improve access to health care for millions of Americans
• Civil Rights Act of 1964: This law outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.This law helped to bring about greater equality and opportunity for minorities in the United States.

Question 36

Discuss and explain why 1968 is considered a “turbulent year.” Consider domestic and foreign events.

Answer 36

• The events of that year challenged the prevailing social and political order
• Assassination of Martin Luther: sparked widespread protests and riots in cities across the country, and raised awareness of the ongoing struggle for civil rights.
• Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy: Kennedy was a popular figure and his death was a shock to the nation, further adding to the sense of turmoil and uncertainty
  -Vietnam War: The Vietnam War was a major source of division and controversy in the United States in 1968. The year saw some of the heaviest fighting of the war, as well as the Tet Offensive, which was a major turning point in the conflict. Protests against the war also reached a peak, with large demonstrations and sit-ins taking place across the country.

Question 37

Discuss Watergate and explain its long-term effects on the office of president.

Answer 37

• Watergate was a political scandal that began with the break-in at the Watergate complex and led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon
  Effects
• Loss of public trust: The Watergate scandal eroded the public’s trust in government, particularly in the presidency. The Nixon administration’s attempts to cover up the scandal and obstruct justice further damaged public confidence in the presidency and the political system as a whole.
• Expansion of presidential power: Ironically, Watergate also contributed to the expansion of presidential power in certain areas. Presidents have used executive orders and other means to assert greater control over foreign policy and national security