1302 Unit 1- 16-19 Flashcards
Boss Tweed/ tammany hall political machine
- william bossed tweed city boss of tammany hall- democratic political machine in NY
-political machines used power to: become wealthy, illegal payments, run elections
monopoly
industries that have complete control over production, wages, and prices
trusts
are separate companies that function as one large corporation
robber barons vs caption of industry
Captains:
- created jobs
- increased production
- provided cheap products
- gave money back to the community
Robber:
- exploited workers
- corrupted the government
- greedy
- offered bribes for political favors
advances in technology during the gilded age
- edwin drake: steam engine
- bessemer steel process
- alexander graham- telephone
- thomas alva edison- electricity and light bulb
navitism
movement that ensure native born Americans received better treatment than immigrants
justification for imperialism
Claiming that it was their responsibility. Americans and Europeans both claimed that it was their responsibility as superior races to uplift, civilize and Christianize native peoples. This was known as the White Man’s Burden and was based upon the ideas of social Darwinism.
big stick policy
- speak softly but carry a big stick
- The “big stick” symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them.
Reasons for Open Door policy and acquisition of Hawaii
- protect american businessman and investors there
- America’s annexation of Hawaii in 1898 extended U.S. territory into the Pacific and highlighted resulted from economic integration and the rise of the United States as a Pacific power.
What played a major role in US declaring war on Spain?
de lome letter (a letter from the spanish ambassador to the US in which he insulted President Mckinley and caused many americans to be upset)
- the USS maine blew up in the harbor outside Havana, Cuba
- newspapers blamed the spanish for the explosion and declared war
Reasons why US stayed out of but eventually entered WWI
sussex
lousiana
unrestricted submarine warfare
ties with great britain
zimmerman telegram
Effects of war on US economy
The economy was mired in recession in 1914 and war quickly opened up new markets for American manufacturers.
Henry Cabot Lodge’s opposition to League of Nations
He believed that membership in the League of Nations would entangle the United States in foreign affairs and prevent the country from acting independently in such matters.
red scare
- cause by the communist revolution in Russia scared many Americans - “if it can happen here it can happen there”
Palmer Raids
attempted to arrest foreign anarchists and communists often violating constitutional rights in the process
Sacco and Vanzetti
two italian immigrants who executed for murder despite little evidence
quota laws
limited immigration (It completely excluded immigrants from Asia.)
Situation of farmers
eugenics: belief that the human race would improve through selective breeding
- some states would conduct non-consensual sterilization
Great Migration
refers to the movement in large numbers of African Americans during and after World War I from the rural South to industrial cities of the Northeast and Midwest.
Harlem Renaissance
- fueled by the great migration north and inspired by black pride “black is beautiful”
- authors and musicians
Different ideas/beliefs of FDR and Hoover
Hoover: believed in rugged individualism- that private groups were the best way to handle both charity and employment
- The FDR programs focused on: relief for the unemployed and for the poor, recovery of the economy back to normal levels, and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression.
Supporters/opponents of New Deal and why
- Taft was the leader of the Republican Party’s conservative wing; he consistently denounced the New Deal as “socialism” and argued that it harmed America’s business interests and gave ever-greater control to the central government in Washington.
- S: the coalition included labor unions, blue-collar workers, racial and religious minorities (especially Jews, Catholics, and African-Americans), rural white Southerners, and intellectuals.
New Deal programs
Roosevelt believed that together Relief, Reform, and Recovery could bring economic stability to the nation.
Causes of the Great Depression
1, gov policies: high tariffs cut down foreign market for American goods
2. the availability of easy credit: people had a lot of debt and stock market was inflated
3. and unequal distribution of income: farmers and workers werent sharing in the prosperity
what ended the great depression
The beginning of World War Two, and attack at Pearl Harbor forcing the United States to join the fight. The New Deal as well.
Roosevelt Corollary and impact it had on U.S. foreign policy
- The most spectacular of Roosevelt’s foreign policy initiatives was the establishment of the Panama Canal.
- claimed the right of the United States to intervene in the domestic affairs of Western Hemisphere nations to maintain stability
- protecting central, carribeans, and south america countries from the colonization of european countries
Changes during Progressive Era
- direct election of Senators with the Seventeenth Amendment
- election reforms to stop corruption and fraud, and women’s suffrage (19th amendment)
- Monopolies were broken up due to violation of federal law.
- Many labor unions, trade groups, and professional, civic, and religious associations were founded. They improved the lives of individuals and communities.
- improve the lot of laborers
Muckrakers and their impact on American society
Muckrakers were journalists and novelists who sought to expose corruption in big business and government.
- strengthened protections for workers and consumers
- Muckrakers exposed problems like political corruption, child labor, and safety issues with workers.
How/why were civil liberties curtailed during WWI?What was the impact?
sedition act: banned the use of “disloyal, profane, scurrilous or abusive language” about the United States government, flag or military that caused others to view the American government or its institutions negatively.
- During the war, more than 2,000 men and women were arrested for “disloyal” speech, and over 1200 went to jail. In addition to these attacks on free speech, the government violated basic legal protections in other ways.
Prohibition – what, why, when, effects (long-term and short-term)
- early 1900s, 18th amendment and volstead act (outlawed sale, production, and distribution of alcohol but not possession)
effects: - bootleggers/rumrunners
- smuggling of alcohol
- rise of organized crime
-speakeasies: underground bars
WEB DuBois
AA leader who helped found the national association for the advancement of colored people in lava, wanted equal rights
Ida. B Welis
AA leader who campaigned to stop lynching of African Americans
Susan B. Anthony
was a suffragist, who campaigned to give women the right to vote
Jane Addams
co-founded Hull House, a settlement house where the goal was to help the poor get on their feet
Booker. T Washington
AA leader argued that African Americans should seek gradual rights
Populism/Populist Party
- Represented the common man such as farmers, industrial workers, miners
- Platform: unlimited silver, direct election of senators, terms limit for president, secret ballot, government ownership, graduated income tax, immigration restrictions, shorter work days
- Populist Party sought to work for the people and correct the gross concentration of economic power held by elite banks and trusts.
Goals of Progressives (more involvement in democracy)-
Protect social welfare
Promote moral improvement
Great economic reform
Foster efficiency
social reformers (who and what they advocated)
wanted to end political corruption, improve the lives of individuals, and increase government intervention to protect citizens.
Immigration - 1st wave (1870-1890) came from? 2nd wave (1890-1920s) came from? Restrictions?
1st wave: Scots-Irish and Germans were the major immigrant groups.
2nd wave: europeans mostly from southern and eastern europe came to America (Jews/Catholics) from Mexico, Caribbean, and China
Role of govt in personal lives during the Great Depression
The New Deal created a broad range of federal government programs that sought to offer economic relief to the suffering, regulate private industry, and grow the economy.
Third-parties in the U.S. – role, chances of success, why/why not, give specific historical examples-
- Third party candidates can split the major party with which they are most similar, leading the other party to win
- Its a minor party
- Don’t have much of a say in the government
legacy of new deal
- Americans came to believe that the federal government has a responsibility to ensure the health of the nation’s economy and the welfare of its citizens
- The New Deal represented a significant shift in political and domestic policy in the U.S., with its more lasting changes being increased government control over the economy and money supply; intervention to control prices and agricultural production; the beginning of the federal welfare state, and the rise of trade.
