2nd test midterm Flashcards
Langston Hughes
author who was part of the harlem Renaissance
Harlem Renaissance
-fueled by the great migration north and inspired by black pride “black is beautiful”
-authors and musicians
Great Migration
the movement in large numbers of African Americans during and after World War I from the rural South to industrial cities of the Northeast and Midwest.
Consumerism
- welfare capitalism- real income increases
-insurance, profit sharing, worker safety - decreased influence of unions
- mass production
- buying on credit
-automobile
-led to false prosperity
Causes of Great Depression
- gov policies: high tariffs cut down foreign market for American goods
- the availability of easy credit: people had a lot of debt and stock market was inflated
- and unequal distribution of income: farmers and workers werent sharing in the prosperity
Internal migration during Depression/Dust Bowl
repatration acts: laws that deported people of European and mexican heritage to make more jobs available to Americans
- Farmers were moving to California, the dust bowl made their land unuseful
Neutrality/Neutrality Act of 1939
prohibited americans from traveling on ships of the nations of war
Isolationism
national policy of avoiding political or economic entanglements with other countries.
atlantic charter
an agreement between the United States of America and Great Britain that established the vision of Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill for a post-World War II world.
Rosie the Riveter
Recruiting campaigns during the war urged women to enter the workforce as part of a patriotic duty to their country. An iconic depiction of a Rosie is a wartime poster of a strong, confident female worker flexing her muscle with the words emblazoned above: “We Can Do It.”
rationing
Rationing involved setting limits on purchasing certain high-demand items. The government issued a number of “points” to each person, even babies, which had to be turned in along with money to purchase goods made with restricted items.
Executive Order 9066
allowing internment camps to be set up to exclude current Japanese residents believed to be a threat to security.
Korematsu v. United States (1944)
court case that challenged the constitutional of executive order 9066. Court sided with gov
D-Day (what was it, who led it, why it happened)
- turning point in Europe
- allied forces invaded Normandy in France
- largest invasion in history
-allies took all 5 beaches where they landed to southern france - Germans were being attacked from everywhere
-Germans were completely out of france
facism
dictatorship in which country is more important than anything else (individual has no rights)
- Hitler: Germany
- Mussolani- Italy
attack on pearl harbor
- japan started expanding before WWII and US ordered Japan to get out of Manchuria and China
- Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii within days, US declares war on the Japan
truman doctrine
-containing communism, specifically in Turkey and Greece
- Greece received large amounts of arms and supplies and had defeated the communists
- it showed that America was prepared to resist - the spread of communism throughout the world
Views of Charles Lindbergh
A natural hero. He was the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic ocean.
Atlantic Charter
an agreement between the United States of America and Great Britain that established the vision of Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill for a post-World War II world.
Japan’s imperialistic goals
Japan’s need for China’s natural resources, in order to speed the process of industrialization and modernization. The popularity of ideologies such as racial superiority and militarism in Japan.
GI Bill
provided World War II veterans with funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing. It put higher education within the reach of millions of veterans of WWII and later military conflicts.
Berlin Airlift
stalin decided to gain control of west Berlin which was Eastern Europe
- Cuts road, rail, and canal links with Berlin, hoping to starve it into submission
- West responded by airlifting supplies to allow west Berlin to survive
- USSR admitted defeat, lifted blockage
What was the Good Neighbor policy? How did it reflect the general foreign-policy mood of the United States?
It supported the idea of nonintervention in Latin America. Roosevelt took office determined to improve relations with the nations of Central and South America. It overall maintained stability and peace between nations, it was an attempt to build stronger economic and peaceful relations with its neighbors. The policy reflected isolationist and mutual relationships with others.
Describe the major steps in America’s move away from neutrality between 1935 and 1941.
First Americans established neutrality acts which prohibited Americans from traveling on ships of the nations of war. Secondly, cash and carry was established as well, Americans would sell goods to friendly nations if they had money. Lastly, the lend lease act was released, it allowed Americans to sell resources and support Britain’s war effort before the US entered the war.
Discuss the Japanese invasion into China during the 1930s. How did this aggression impact the future for peace in the world?
Japan invaded and occupied Manchuri leading to a huge conflict during WWII. Japan’s invasion of China was driven by a desire to expand its empire and secure access to resources. The conflict also contributed to the rise of anti-Japanese sentiment in China and other parts of Asia, further fueling regional tensions. It grew tensions all around the world which would eventually lead to WWII.
What were the effects of the war on American women? Would you describe the overall effects (short-term and long-term) as positive, negative, or some mixture? Explain your answer.
Women had to take men’s place in factories and other jobs. Many women were working for the US business and industry. I would say it was a positive long term effect because women were able to be seen as equal to men to an extent, they were able to be more independent by earning due to their hard work, they were able to be more intelligent and educated when working in the industry. After that women had done a great job working for the government, and they have been great at doing it.
Describe the Yalta Conference (who, what, etc) and its importance to the postwar world. Be specific.
a meeting between the leaders of the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union to discuss the postwar order of Europe. Formed the United Nations to keep peace after war since the league of nations failed. It led to dividing Austria, Germany, and the capital of Berlin into 4 occupied zones. It also determined self-determination which was the right to choose democracy or communist. The Soviet Union’s agreement to enter the war against Japan, and it allowed for Soviet control over the governments of Poland, Romania, and Bulgaria which would set the stage for Cold War
How was the Treaty of Versailles a cause of WWII? Be specific.
When Germany received harsh penalties it created economic strain, international tensions, and failed to address underlying issues that had led to the previous war. The economic issue Germany was having led to extreme nationalism. Germany had also lost territory which affected them heavily, so they wanted to regain all that territory and the only way they could do it was through taking others territories. Overall the Treaty led to extreme nationalist and fascist movements in Germany which contributed to growing tensions between regions.
What was the Dust Bowl and how did it affect internal migration?
The Dust Bowl was an environmental disaster that occurred in the Great Plains region of the United States. Many people were forced to leave their homes and move to other regions of the country in search of work and better living conditions. They traveled primarily to California and other western states, where they hoped to find employment in agriculture, manufacturing, or other industries.
Explain the significance of the Manhattan Project. What was it, who was involved and how did it contribute to the end of WWII?
The Manhattan project was America’s effort to develop the atomic bomb, and it led to the power of atomic weapons. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki led to Japan’s surrender and ended the war in the Pacific. It was involved mainly by the US government and the world’s top scientists and engineers, including Albert Einstein, Robert Oppenheimer, and Enrico Fermi.
