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final Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three contrast agents used in CT

A

air, barium, & iodine

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2
Q

this modality typically acquires images in the coronal, sagittal, axial planes

A

MRI

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3
Q

CT acquires images in what plane

A

axial

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4
Q

largest body cavity

A

ventral

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5
Q

the dorsal body contains?

A

cranium & spine

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6
Q

how is the ventral body cavity subdivided

A

thoracic & abdominopelvic

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7
Q

what anatomy is found in the RUQ

A

liver, gallbladder, head of pancreas

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8
Q

what anatomy is found in the LUQ

A

most of pancreas, stomach, spleen, splenic flexure

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9
Q

what is found in the LLQ

A

sigmoid, L ureter,

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10
Q

what is found in the RLQ

A

cecum, appendix, majority of bladder

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11
Q

what covers the brain & spinal cord

A

meninges

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12
Q

name the layers of meninges

A

dura mater - outer layer
arachnoid - middle layer
pia mater - innermost layer

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13
Q

most anterior boundary of the thoracic cavity, posterior?

A

sternum , & vertebra

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14
Q

where is the thoracic inlet

A

first pair of ribs

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15
Q

where is the thoracic outlet

A

T12 , twelfth pair of ribs

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16
Q

describe the location of the cardiophrenic sulcus

A

medial angle of base of the lungs

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17
Q

where is the cardiac notch located

A

medial surface of left lung

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18
Q

what is the visceral layer of the thoracic cavity

A

visceral pleura

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19
Q

what chamber makes up the apex of the heart

A

left ventricle

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20
Q

what structures are located in the hilar area of the thorax

A

main stem bronchi, blood & lymph vessels & nerves

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21
Q

what is the functional unit of the lung

A

alveoli

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22
Q

what organs / structures are located in the mediastinum

A

heart, trachea, thymus gland, esophagus, lymph nodes & great vessels

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23
Q

what is the location where the right & left bronchi bifurcated known as

A

carina , @ T4-T5

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24
Q

what makes up the costotransverse joint

A

transverse process & tubercle of rib

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25
Q

what makes up the costovertebral joint

A

head & vertebral body

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26
Q

name the sac that surrounds the heart

A

pericardium

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27
Q

outer most layer of the heart

A

epicardium

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28
Q

inner layer of the heart

A

endocardium

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29
Q

heart muscle itself

A

myocardium

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30
Q

why is the myocardium thicker in the left ventricle than the right

A

L ventricle is the pump - more work

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31
Q

what is the largest artery in the body

A

aorta

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32
Q

what is the largest vein in the body

A

IVC

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33
Q

what coronary artery supplies the interventricular septum, AV bundles & most of the left ventricle & atrium

A

left coronary artery

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34
Q

what is the name of the collateral circulation between the inferior & superior vena cava

A

azygos venous system

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35
Q

what is the tendon structure that attaches the diaphragm to the lumbar spine

A

crus

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36
Q

what are the openings or passages for the vessels and organs from the thoracic cavity to the abdominal cavity referred to as

A

hiatus’
- caval, esophageal & aortic

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37
Q

what type of membrane is the abdominal cavity lining

A

serous

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38
Q

what is the lining of the abdominal cavity called

A

peritoneum

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39
Q

what are the two layers of the peritoneum

A

parietal & visceral

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40
Q

list the organs that are peritoneal (intra)

A

stomach, spleen
liver, gallbladder
& most of small bowel

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41
Q

list the organs that are retroperitoneal

A

IVC & aorta
pancreas & adrenal glands
kidneys & ureters

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42
Q

found in RLQ & good bacteria in gut

A

vermiform appendix

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43
Q

mixed gland (endocrine & exocrine)

A

pancreas

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44
Q

the function of the kidneys

A

filter blood, produce & excrete urine

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45
Q

what is responsible for blood pressure ?

A

adrenal glands

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46
Q

location for vessels to enter & exit in the liver

A

porta hepatis

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47
Q

what organ drains the liver of bile & stores it ?

A

gallbladder

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48
Q

liver functions

A

metabolic regulation & bile production

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49
Q

stomach functions

A

mechanical break down & absorbs B12

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50
Q

what structure , within the brain, provides a pathway for the circulation of the cerebral spinal fluid

A

ventricles / ventricular system

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51
Q

what structure is responsible for production of CSF

A

choroid plexus

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52
Q

what is the term for the separation of the right & left ventricles @ midline? & what’s the major purpose for visualization on a CT

A

septum pellicum , and to look for a midline shift

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53
Q

what are the names of the structures that hold or where CSF pools in the brain? what is the largest?

A

cisterns , and cistern magna

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54
Q

what is the largest portion of the brain? what are two halves known as ?

A

cerebrum & hemispheres

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55
Q

describe gyri

A

folds

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56
Q

describe sulci

A

grooves , separate gyri

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57
Q

describe fissures

A

deeper grooves

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58
Q

list the major structures of the diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, pituitary gland & pineal gland

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59
Q

what gland is known as the master gland

A

pituitary gland

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60
Q

the major segments of the brain stem

A

midbrain, pons, & medulla oblongata

61
Q

what is known as the “little brain” & where is it located

A

cerebellum & posterior to brain stem

62
Q

describe blood brain barrier

A

protects brain against infections

63
Q

which is the largest of the cerebral arteries

A

middle

64
Q

what is the circle of willis

A

collateral blood flow , cerebral arterial circle & keeps anastomosis’ in tact

65
Q

What is the extension of the oral cavity that extends from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone

A

oropharynx

66
Q

which part of the pharynx contains the uvula

A

nasopharynx

67
Q

What structure surrounds and protects the vocal cords

A

larynx

68
Q

largest of the laryngeal cartilages

A

thyroid cartilage

69
Q

The trachea sits _______ to the esophagus 

A

anterior

70
Q

vein that drains blood from the brain and superficial parts of the face and neck

A

internal jugular

71
Q

The brachiocephalic vein is formed by which to veins

A

internal jugular & subclavian

72
Q

Largest of the three salivary glands

A

parotid gland

73
Q

the cranium is composed of ____ bones

A

8

74
Q

describe the structure of the cranial bones

A

two compact layers with spongy bone (diploe) in middle

75
Q

what type of joints are the cranial sutures

A

fibrous synarthrodial

76
Q

the right kidney is found in what quadrant

A

RUQ

77
Q

a slight build with a long narrow and shallow thorax that is wider more superiorly

A

asthenic

78
Q

the abdominopelvic regions found immediately under the ribs are

A

hypochondriac

79
Q

what lab tests are used to check for kidney function ?

A

BUN & creatine

80
Q

what lab test is used to check for a blood clot

A

D-Dimer

81
Q

what lab tests are used to check for bleeding times

A

PT & PTT

82
Q

the fissure separating the frontal & parietal lobes from the temporal lobe is the

A

lateral

83
Q

describe white brain matter

A

composed of neurons with myelinated axons

84
Q

the fissure separating the occipital lobe from the cerebellum is the

A

transverse

85
Q

the neurons bringing in sensory information to the central nervous system are

A

afferent neurons

86
Q

which ventricle sits anterior to the cerebellum

A

fourth

87
Q

the vertebral arteries join together to form the

A

basilar artery

88
Q

the roof of the orbit is formed by

A

frontal bone

89
Q

What vessels are responsible for drainage of the head

A

dural sinuses

90
Q

The ventricles provide a pathway for what substance within the brain

A

CSF

91
Q

The pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum and pineal gland are all considered the

A

hindbrain

92
Q

what structures are responsible for transferring CSF into the dural sinuses and dural venous sinus

A

arachnoid villi

93
Q

provides a opening for both respiratory and digestive systems

A

pharynx

94
Q

portion of the pharynx that continues as the esophagus

A

laryngopharynx

95
Q

the esophagus sits ______ to the cricoid cartilage

A

posterior

96
Q

The endocrine gland that sits at the level of the cricoid cartilage

A

thyroid

97
Q

muscle that originates on the sternum and clavicle & inserts on the mastoid tip, is responsible for turning the head from side to side and flexing the neck

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

98
Q

which arteries bifurcate into the internal and external carotid arteries bilaterally

A

right and left common carotid

99
Q

Which vessel is considered the largest in the neck

A

internal jugular

100
Q

Which vessel sits external to the SCM 

A

external jugular

101
Q

which sections of the spine have a lordotic curvature

A

cervical and lumbar

102
Q

Intervertebral disc spaces are considered which type of joint

A

amphiarthrodial

103
Q

The extension of the pia matter that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx is known as the

A

filium terminale

104
Q

which imaging modality is preferred for the spinal cord discs and ligaments

A

MRI

105
Q

Which cartilage of the neck appears as a C shape on axial slices

A

tracheal cartilage

106
Q

The aorta arises from

A

the left ventricle

107
Q

The pulmonary veins bring blood to the

A

left atrium

108
Q

The mitral valve is located between which structures

A

left atrium & left ventricle

109
Q

The first vessel to branch off the aortic arch is the

A

brachiocephalic artery

110
Q

The coronary sinus bring blood from the heart muscle into the

A

right atrium

111
Q

The pulmonary trunk exits the heart via the

A

right ventricle

112
Q

The SVC & the IVC bring blood back to the

A

right atrium

113
Q

The lining or covering of the heart is called

A

pericardium

114
Q

what brings oxygenated blood to the left atrium

A

The four pulmonary veins 

115
Q

The ridge at the point of bifurcation of the trachea is the

A

carina

116
Q

what prevents the backflow of blood within the heart

A

Valves

117
Q

The right lung has ___ lobes

A

3

118
Q

The descending aorta can be located in the abdominal cavity

A

anterior and left of the vertebral column

119
Q

The first branch off the abdominal aorta is the

A

celiac axis

120
Q

at what level does the aorta bifurcate into right and left common iliac arteries

A

L4

121
Q

The first part of the small intestine is

A

the duodenum

122
Q

The first part of the large intestine is the

A

cecum

123
Q

the uterus is found _______ to the bladder

A

posterior

124
Q

what organ is responsible for detoxifying the body of drugs vitamins and minerals

A

liver

125
Q

Which ligament separates the caudate and quadrate lobe and attaches the liver to the diaphragm

A

Falciform ligament

126
Q

The duct directly responsible for draining the liver of bile

A

hepatic ducts

127
Q

the duct that drains the gallbladder

A

cystic duct

128
Q

The central portion of the kidneys is termed

A

medulla

129
Q

The medial indentation of the kidney where the renal vein, artery and ureter enter an exit is termed

A

hilum

130
Q

is contrast used when looking at the adrenal glands

A

no

131
Q

The membrane lining the abdominal cavity is termed

A

peritoneum

132
Q

The linea alba separates which two muscles

A

rectus abdominis muscle

133
Q

The largest lymphatic organ in the body

A

spleen

134
Q

medical term for gall stones

A

choleliths

135
Q

The gallbladder sits on the

A

inferior posterior surface of the liver

136
Q

what veins do the azygos & hemiazygos arise from

A

right & left lumbar

137
Q

two main sources of blood to the liver are the

A

portal vein and hepatic artery

138
Q

name the three branches off the celiac axis

A

splenic artery, left gastric, and common hepatic artery

139
Q

which vessel supplies blood to the transverse colon

A

inferior mesenteric artery

140
Q

which vessels are the first to branch off the abdominal aorta

A

inferior phrenic

141
Q

which two vessels deliver blood to the heart muscle

A

rt & lt coronary arteries

142
Q

the right common carotid artery bifurcate into the external and internal carotid artery at the level of

A

C4

143
Q

the S shaped portion of the internal carotid artery is termed the

A

carotid siphon

144
Q

which veins drain blood from the meninges of the brain

A

internal jugular veins

145
Q

which of the branches of the abdominal aorta is considered the most superior

A

celiac artery

146
Q

which two vessels unite to form the hepatic portal vein

A

superior mesenteric & splenic veins

147
Q

what is the largest lymph vessel in the body

A

thoracic duct

148
Q

the contrast media of choice for angiography is

A

nonionic water soluble iodinated

cross sectional (6 decks)

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