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human physiology > final! > Flashcards

final! Flashcards

1
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

trophic hormone (P)

A

secreted from hypothalamus
target anterior pituitary
release/inhibit pituitary gland

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2
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

oxytocin

A

posterior pituitary
breast and uteris
milk ejection

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3
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

vasopressin (ADH)

A

posterior pituitary
kidney
water reabsorption

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4
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

prolactin

A

anterior pituitary
breast
milk production

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5
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

growth hormone (somatroponin)

A

anterior pituitary
liver
growth factor

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6
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

corticotropin

A

anterior pituitary
adrenal cortex
cortisol release

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7
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

thyrotroin

A

anterior pituitary
thyroid gland
thyroid hormone synthesis

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8
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

follicle stimulating hormone

A

anterior pituitary
gonads
egg/sperm production

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9
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

triodothyronine and thyroxine

A

thyroid gland
many tissues
metabolism and growth

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10
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

calcitonin

A

thyroid gland
bone
plasma calcium levels

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11
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

parathyroid hormone

A

parathyroid gland
bone, kidney
regulate Ca and phosphate levels

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12
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

atrial natriretic peptide

A

heart
kidneys
increase sodium excretion

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13
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

gastrin, CCK, secretin

A

stomach and small intestine
GI tract and pancrease
assist digestion and absorption

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14
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic peptide

A

pancreas
many tissues
metabolism of glucose

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15
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

aldosterone

A

adrenal cortex
kidney
Na and K homeostasis

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16
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

cortisol

A

adrenal cortex
many tissues
stress response

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17
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

androgens

A

adrenal cortex
many tissues
sex drive in females

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18
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

epinephrine, norepinephrine

A

adrenal medulla
many tissues
fight/flight

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19
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

erythropiotein

A

kidney
bone marrow
red blood cell production

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20
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

androgens

A

testes
many tissue
sperm production

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21
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

inhibin

A

testes/ovaries
anterior pituitary
inhibits FSH secretion

22
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

estrogen

A

ovaries
many tissues
egg production

23
Q

hormones:

location secreted from
primary target
effect

lectin, adiponectin, restin

A

adipose tissue
hypothalamus
food intake, metabolism

24
Q

peptide hormones:
synthesis/storage
release
transport in blood
half life
location of receptor
response to binding
target response
examples

A

advance, stored in vesicles
exocytosis
dissolved in plasma
short
cell membrane
activate second messenger
modify existing proteins and new protein synthesis
insulin, parathyroid hormone

25
Q

steroid hormones:
synthesis/storage
release
transport in blood
half life
location of receptor
response to binding
target response
examples

A

on demand synthesis
simple diffusion
bound to carrier proteins
long
cytoplasm/nucleus
activate genes for transcription/translation
induction of new protein synthesis
estrogen, androgen, cortisol

26
Q

catecholamines:
synthesis/storage
release
transport in blood
half life
location of receptor
response to binding
target response
examples

A

in advance, secretory vesicles
exocytosis
dissolved in plasma
short
cell membrane
activate second messengers
modify existing proteins
epi, norepi

27
Q

thyroid hormones:
synthesis/storage
release
transport in blood
half life
location of receptor
response to binding
target response
examples

A

made in advance, precursor stored in vesicles
simple diffusion
bound to carrier proteins
long
nucleus
activate genes for transcription/translation
new protein synthesis
thyroxine (T4)

28
Q

neurosecretion (PRH)
anterior pituitary hormone:
target

A

positive for prolcatin
act on breasts

29
Q

PIH (dopamine)

A

negative for prolactin
act on breasts

30
Q

TRH

A

positive for TSH
act on thyroid gland
release TH

31
Q

CRH

A

positive for ACTH
act on adrenal cortex
release cortisol

32
Q

GHRH

A

positive for GH
act on liver
release insulin like growth factors

33
Q

GHIH (somastatin)

A

negative for GH
act on cells throughout body

34
Q

GnRH

A

positive for LH and FSH
act on gonads
male release androgens
female release strogens

35
Q

ions and equilibrium potential

A

Na = 55
K = -90
Cl = -60
resting potential = -70

36
Q

parasympathetic vs sympathetic neurons

A

parasympathetic:
- long preganglionic
- short postganglionic
sympathetic:
- short preganglionic
- long postganglionic

37
Q

somatic nervous system neuron chain

A

one neuron, motor input
release Ach (ligand gated channel)
acts on skeletal muscle

38
Q

parasympathetic nervous system chain

A

part of autonomic
long preganglionic neuron acts on ganglion
postanglionic neuron releases Ach
activates g-protein receptor

39
Q

sympathetic nervous system chain

A

preganglionic neuron rleeases Ach on Nachr
postganglion releases norepinephrine
OR
neuron releases Ach on Nachr in adrenal medulla
release nor epi and epi into blood

40
Q

ions and conc. inside and outside

A

Na: 15 and 150
K: 140 and 5
Cl: 10 and 110
Ca: low and 2.5

41
Q

medulla oblongta

A

control blood pressure
breathing
GI function

42
Q

pons

A

relay between cerebellum and cerebrum
control movement
breathing

43
Q

pons and medulla

A

regulation of arousal and sleep
pain

44
Q

hypothalamus

A

homeostasis

45
Q

thalamus

A

site for sensory and motor info

46
Q

cerebellum

A

movement

47
Q

basal ganglia

A

movement

48
Q

limbic regions

A

hippocampus: learning/memory
amygdala: emotions

49
Q

cerebral cortex

A

vision
motor control

50
Q

sarcomere structure

A

A band: anywhere myosin
H zone: only myosin
I band: only actin
Z disk: actin bounded
M line: myosine bounded

51
Q

muscle contraction types

A

isotonic: muscle gets shorter
isometric: muscle doesnt move load
lengthening: weight wins

human physiology (5 decks)

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