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1 Anatomy > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What age does the hip bone fuse together?

A

9

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2
Q

Bones that make up the pelvis

A

illium
ischium
pubis

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3
Q

Fovea of femur

A

connection for ligaments of the head
allows nutrients to come into the leg

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4
Q

Abduction/Adduction of leg

A

relative to the trunk
can be open chain or closed chain depending on which leg is the reference

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5
Q

Weight transfer in the hips

A
  1. weight transmitted centrally down vertebral column
  2. weight goes through ilium
  3. weight goes through center of femur
  4. weight goes through pubic rami to symphysis

line of gravity goes through the head of the femur, straight down

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6
Q

Angle of inclination of 3 year old

A

135°

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7
Q

Angle of inclination in adult

A

126°

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8
Q

Angle of inclination in old age

A

120°

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9
Q

Torsion angle of femur

A

12°
goes through head of femur to greater trochanter

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10
Q

Valgus

A

proximal end is more medial, distal end is more lateral

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11
Q

Varus

A

proximal end is more lateral, distal end is more medial

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12
Q

Excessive Femoral Anteversion

A

most pts with excessive femoral neck anteversion in-toe to better position the femoral head
45°

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13
Q

Excessive Femoral Retroversion

A

most patients with excessive femoral neck retroversion out-toe to better position the femoral head
0°

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14
Q

Iliofemoral ligament

A

strongest ligament of the body
most important external rotator
resists extension

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15
Q

Ligaments of hip

A

Ischiofemoral
pubofemoral
iliofemoral

all cross the neck of the femur

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16
Q

Arteries of gluteal/post thigh, proximal to distal

A

abdominal aorta
Common iliac
internal iliac
external iliac
Femoral

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17
Q

Femoral artery goes through…

A

adductor hiatus
becomes popliteal artery

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18
Q

Spinal levels of lumbar/sacral

A

nerves come inferior to the same vertebrae
ex: T1 nerves comes below T1 vertebrae

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19
Q

Dermatomes Front

A

Beginning at inner thigh
L1, L2
L3, L4, L5 = cross knee

S1 = pinky toe
S2 = medial heel

Inguinal = S2, S3 (outer to inner)

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20
Q

Dermatomes, Back

A

Beginning at anus

Co, S5, S4, S3, S2, S1, L5, L4, L3

S2 travels to medial thigh/leg
S1 travels to lateral thigh/leg

Foot =
L5 middle
S1 lateral
S2 medial (no toes)
L4 big toe

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21
Q

Adduction of hip spinal innervation

A

L2-L4

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22
Q

Abduction of hip spinal innervation

A

L5, S1

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23
Q

ER of hip spinal innervation

A

L5, S1

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24
Q

IR of hip spinal innervation

A

L4, L5

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25
Inversion of foot spinal innervation
L4, L5
26
Eversion of foot spinal innervation
L5, S1
27
Extension of toes spinal innervation
L5, S1
28
Flexion of toes spinal innervation
S2, S3
29
Extension of hip spinal innervation
L4, L5
30
Flexion of hip spinal innervation
L2, L3
31
Flexion of knee spinal innervation
L5, S1
32
Extension of knee spinal innervation
L3, L4
33
Dorsiflexion spinal innervation
L4, L5
34
Plantarflexion spinal innervation
S1, S2
35
Saphenous nerve
cutaneous innervation of medial leg
36
Knee jerk reflex
quads L3/L4
37
ankle jerk reflex
calcaneal/achilles S1/S2
38
Quads and Patellar Tendon
connect over the patella Quads is above the patella Patellar tendon is below the patella
39
Popliteal fossa
Upper Medial = Semimembranous Lower Medial = Gatrocnemius Upper Lateral = biceps femoris Lower lateral = gastrocnemius
40
What passes through popliteal fossa?
Tibial nerve Popliteal vein and artery (plantaris)
41
Joint capsule of knee
made of synovial membrane & fibrous layer fibrous = encapsulates the entirety of the knee synovial fluid is on top of the meniscus but not on top of the ligament attachments
42
Medial Menisci
medial meniscus is C shaped Less mobile relative to lateral meniscus, more likely to be torn. Stationary with varying forces which causes the tears
43
Transverse ligament of knee
connects the 2 menisci (lateral & medial) together, provides more stability
44
Medial collateral ligament
resists valgus stress at the knee joint MCC is injured more often b/c theres more forces on the outside of the knee
45
Lateral collateral ligament
resists varus stress at the knee joint
46
anterior cruciate ligament
limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on tibial plateau during flexion prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia and hyperextension of the knee joint at 90° of knee flexion, resists tibia moving anteriorly
47
Posterior cruciate ligament
limits anterior rolling of femur on tibial plateau during extension prevents anterior displacement of femur on tibia or posterior displacement of tibia on femur helps prevent hyperflexion of knee joint
48
Oblique popliteal ligament
stabilizes the femur over fixed tibia in the stance phase especially when extra stability is needed for activities like running downhill crosses the back of the knee joint
49
Arcuate popliteal ligament
thick and fibrous band of connective tissue that is connected from above to the femur's lateral condyle, the bony projection on the outer edge of the lower extremity of the femur providing posterior/lateral stability of the knee
50
Q Angle
The Q angle formed by the vector for the combined pull of the rectus femoris muscle and the patellar tendon, is important because of the lateral pull it exerts on the patella could cause genu valgum or genu recurvatum
51
Open chain knee
tibia rolls and slides in the same direction
52
Closed chain knee
femur rolls and slides in the opposite direction
53
Osgood Schlatter's
pain in tibial tuberosity often developed in youth, increased impact causes the pain/irritation
54
Total Knee Arthroplasty
replacement of articular surfaces goal to reduce pain, increase function for people with end-stage osteoarthritis
55
Sagittal Plane movements of foot
Dorsiflexion plantarflexion
56
Frontal plane movements of foot
eversion inversion
57
Horizontal plane movements of foot
abduction adduction
58
Supination combination
inversion adduction plantarflexion
59
Pronation combination
eversion abduction dorsiflexion
60
Superior fibular retinaculum
keeps tendons posterior to lateral malleous
61
Retinaculum
helps to decrease friction of tendons, keeps the tendons flat to the compartment
62
What goes through the tarsal tunnel?
FDL tendon FHL tendon posterior tibial artery
63
FHL/FDL/TP all....
increase stability of joints in the foot
64
Posterior compartment innervation of leg
Tibial nerve
65
Anterior compartment innervation of leg
deep fibular nerve
66
Lateral compartment innervation of leg
superficial fibular
67
Tarsal tunnel
Created by flexor retinaculum. Goes from calcaneal tuberosity to medial malleolus TP, FHL, FDL go through posterior tibial artery
68
Subtalar joint
talus calcaneus
69
Transverse tarsal joint
made of 4 bones talus, navicular, calcaneus, cuboid
70
How many surfaces does the talus have for articulation?
3
71
Hindfoot
talus calcaneus
72
Midfoot
navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms
73
Forefoot
metatarsals, phalanges
74
Where do the hindfoot and midfoot meet?
transverse tarsal joint
75
What actions does subtalar joint do?
inversion eversion
76
What actions does transverse joint do?
dorsiflexion plantarflexion
77
Tarsometatarsal joint
Cuneiforms and metatarsals also known as the Lisfranc joint connects midfoot to forefoot 3 columns of articulations Medial cuneiform --> 1st metatarsal Intermediate cuneiform --> 2nd/3rd metatarsal Lateral cuneiform --> 4th/5th metatarsal
78
MTP joints
metatarsaophalangeal joints important for walking motion
79
IP joints
interphalangeal joints less mobile than MTP joints
80
Sesmoid bones
provide mechanical advantage at 1st toe during walking
81
MTP/IP open chain
concave on convex, IP on MTP glide and roll in same motion
82
MTP/IP closed chain
convex on concave, MTP on IP glide and roll in opposite directions
83
Extrinsic muscles in foot
originate in the lower leg, attach in the foot
84
Intrinsic muscles in foot
located within the foot originate and attach in the foot
85
2nd digit of foot
reference for abduction and adduction in the foot
86
arterial supply of foot
Ant --> anterior tib to arteria dorsalis pedis Post --> post tib to lateral plantar & medial plantar
87
Tarsal tunnel contents from anterior to posterior
TP tendon FDL tendon Post Tibial artery Post tibial vein Tibial nerve FHL tendon Tom Dick, And Very Nervous Harry
88
Arteries of leg
Popliteal Ant tib/post tib dorsum/plantar ant tib --> dorsalis pedis post tib --> medial plantar/lateral plantar
89
Piriformis goes through
greater sciatic foramen
90
active thigh extension in hip flexion
glut max
91
femoral artery travels deep to
sartorius
92
Lower extremity drains into...
inguinal lymph nodes
93
Long plantar ligament
supports arch deep to it is fibularis longus tendon
94
What makes the greater sciatic foramen?
sacrospinous ligament
95
What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?
piriformis inferior gluteal VAN superior gluteal VAN sciatic nerve nerve to obturator internus nerve to quadratus femoris
96
Femoral triangle
Femoral NAV sartorius = lateral border adductor longus = medial border inguinal ligament = top

1 Anatomy (7 decks)

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