final Flashcards
(T/F) saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature
true
(T/F) nucleotides are linked together by dehydration synthesis
true
(T/F) all bacteria are prokaryotic cells
true
(T/F) microfilaments can depolymerize and reform quickly
true
(T/F) sperm is an example of a flagella
true
(T/F) hemoglobin is a globular shaped protein
true
(T/F) he extracellular matrix holds cells together to form a tissue
true
(T/F) RNA stores information to construct a protein
true
(T/F) cell walls give animal cells shape and structure
false
(T/F) humans have 44 chromosomes
false
(T/F) steroids in the RER are modified into newly synthesized steroids
false
(T/F) the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules
true
(T/F) protein B-pleated sheet structure form the polypeptide’s unique three-dimensional structure
false
(T/F) integral proteins can occur through both layers and only one layer of the plasma membrane
true
(T/F) saturated fatty acids have chains of carbon atoms that only have single bonds between them
true
(T/F) the dignified cell theory states that one or more cells comprise all living things
true
_____ are several cells of one kind that interconnect with each other and perform a shared function
tissues
halophiles are microorganisms that mostly inhabit ____ environments
salty
proteins are made of ________ aka the building blocks of proteins
amino acids
microRNA is mainly involved in regulating ______
gene expression
the _______ is made of polysaccharides and enables the cell to attach to surfaces
capsule
______ are short, hair-like structures along the cell’s outter surface that help more entire cells
cilia
junctions between plant cells are called ______
plasmodesmata
enzymes within the ______ aid in breaking down proteins, polysaccharides and lipids
lysosomes
the chloroplast’s inner membrane is a set of interconnected and stacked fluid-filled sacs called _____
thylakoids
molecules that have both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts are called _____
amphipathic
what are the four main lipids
fats&oils, waxes, phospholipids, steroids
which of the four main lipids is considered amphipathic
phospholipids
non-essential amino acid
amino acids we get from food and can make ourselves
conditionally essential amino acid
amino acids we can make when our bodies are healthy
essential amino acids
amino acids we can only get from food
what are the four (technically five) nitrogenous bases
adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, (uracil)
which of the (five) nitrogenous bases are purines
adenine and guanine
which of the (five) nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines
cytosine, thymine, (uracil)
why is uracil unique
uracil replaces thymine is RNA
DNA: A-T
RNA: A-U
what does DNA stand for
deoxyribose nucleic acid
what are the three differences between DNA and RNA
1) DNA contains a deoxyribose whereas RNA contains a ribose
2) DNA is double stranded whereas RNA is single stranded
3) DNA contains thymine whereas RNA contains uracil
what is membrane fluidity
the allowance of particles and ions to flow through the plasma membrane due to its semi-permiability
what are the three things that influence membrane fluidity
temperature, cholesterol and fatty acids
what is taxonomy
the classification of living things
active transport must function continuously because
diffusion is constantly moving solutes in opposite directions
what is the combination of an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient called
electrochemical gradient
which transport mechanism can bring whole cells into a cell
phagocytosis
energy is stored long-term in the bonds of _____ and used short_term to perform work from an ____ molecule
glucose : ATP
consider a pendulum swinging. which types of energy are associated with the pendulum in the following instances:
1) the moment at which it completes one cycle, just before it begins to fall back towards the other end
2) the moment that it is in the middle between the two ends
3) just before it reaches the end of one cycle (just before instance 1)
1) potential
2) kinetic
3) potential and kinetic
the energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is
providing energy to coupled reactions
(T/F) enzymes increase the deltaG of reactions
false
(T/F) endergonic reactions take place slowly and exergonic reactions take place quickly
false
how many NADH molecules are produced on each turn of the citric acid cycle
three
the energy currency used by cells is
ATP
what are the main differences between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
simple diffusion transports small, uncharged molecules whereas facilitated diffusion transports big, charged ions
what are the main similarities between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
the two are both passive and the most direct for of transport
how is osmosis different than diffusion
osmosis moves water across membranes whereas diffusion moves molecules
osmosis does not affect the electrochemical gradient whereas diffusion does
