7.1 phosphorylation Flashcards
phosphorylation
the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule derived from ATP; vital for cellular storage and transfer of free energy using energy carrier molecules
oxidation reaction
takes away an electron from an atom in a compound
reduction reaction
adds an electron to another compound
two methods of ATP synthesis
substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
substrate level phosphorylation
process of forming ATP by the physical addition of a phosphate group to ADP (occurs in glycolysis and kreb cycle)
oxidative phosphorylation
indirect ATP formation through redox reactions involing O2 as a final electron acceptor (driven by the electron transport chain)
where is most of ATP created
inside the mitochondria (inner membrane space)
glycolysis (5)
1) metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose by enzymes, which releases ATP and pyruvic acid
2) first step in the breakdown of glucose
3) takes place in the cytoplasm
4) does not use oxygen directly (anaerobic)
5) begins with a single glucose molecule; ends with two pyruvate molecules (three carbon sugar)
pyruvic acid
supplies energy to living cells through the krebs cycle when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration)
oxidative phosphorylation (4)
1) process of ATP production in cellular metabolism that generates 90% of ATP made during glucose catabolism
2)takes place in mitochondria (eukaryotic cell) or plasma membrane (prokaryotic cell)
3) uses chemiosmosis (The movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient.)
4) method used int he light reactions of photosynthesis to harness the energy of sunlight
krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) (2)
1) molecules are broken down in the presense of oxygen to generate energy
2) after glycolysis breaks glucose into smaller 3-carbon molecules, the krebs cycle transfers the energy from these molecules to electron carriers, which will be used in the electron transport chain to produce ATP
