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cell biology > cell parts > Flashcards

cell parts Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

plasma membrane

A

(prokayotes, eukaryotes, animal, plant) separates the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding environment; controls the passage of organic molecules, ions, water, and oxygen into and out of the cell

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2
Q

microvilli

A

(prokaryotes, eukaryotes, animal, plant) line the small intestine, absorbs nutrients from digested food, increase the surface area available for absorption

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3
Q

nucleus

A

(prokaryotes, eukaryotes, animal , plant) houses the cell’s DNA, directs syntheses of ribosomes and proteins

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4
Q

chromosomes

A

(prokaryotes, eukaryotes, animal, plant) structures within the nucleus that are made up of DNA

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5
Q

nuclear envelope

A

(only eukaryotes, animal, plant) double-membrane structure that constitutes the nucleus’ outermost portion

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6
Q

chromatin

A

(prokaryotes, eukaryotes, plant, animal) the material that makes up chromosomes

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7
Q

cytoplasm

A

(prokaryotes, eukaryotes, plant, animal) entire region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope; gel-like cytosol that holds the organelles in place; many metabolic reactions take place here (protein synthesis)

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8
Q

ribosomes

A

(prokaryotes, eukaryotes, animal, plant) responsible for protein synthesis; abundant in cells that synthesize large amounts of protein

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9
Q

mitochondria

A

(prokaryotes, eukaryotes, animal, plant) responsible for making ATP, oval-shaped, double membrane organelles that have their own ribosomes and DNA, the inner layer has folds called cristae

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10
Q

peroxisomes

A

(only eukaryotes, animal, plant) carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids

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11
Q

vesicles

A

(prokaryotes, eukayotes, animal,plant) membrane-bound sac that function in storage and transport

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12
Q

vacuoles

A

(prokayotes, eukaryotes, animal, plant) membrane-bound sac that function in storage

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13
Q

capsule

A

(prokaryotes) prevents cell from drying out

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14
Q

cell wall

A

(prokayotic, plant) rigid, provides structural support and helps maintain cell shape

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15
Q

nucleoid

A

(prokaryotic, plant) genetic material of the cell, region where DNA is located, one single chromosome, holds the genophore-circular DNA strand in the cell

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16
Q

plasmid

A

(prokayotes, eukayotes, plant) small, circular loops of DNA

17
Q

flagella

A

(prokaryote, eukaryote, animal) used for locomotion

18
Q

pili

A

(prokayotic, animal) exchange genetic material (plasmids) through direct contact

19
Q

fimbriae

A

(prokaryotic, animal) help bacteria attach to a host cell

20
Q

centrosome

A

(eukaryotes, animal, plant) involved with mitosis, cell motility, intracellular transport and maintenance of cell shape

21
Q

lysosomes

A

(eukaryotes, animal, plant) “garbage disposal”, enzymes within aid in breaking down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids and worn-out organelles

22
Q

chloroplasts

A

(eukaryotes, plants) carry out photosynthesis

23
Q

thylakoids

A

(eukaryotes, plant) chloroplast’s inner membrane, set of interconnected and stacked fluid-filled membrane sacs

24
Q

stroma

A

(eukaryotes, plant) fluid enclosed by the inner membrane that surrounds the grana

25
Q

the central vacuole

A

(eukaryotes, plant) regulates the cell’s concentration of water in changing environmental conditions

26
Q

why are prokaryotic cells important

A

decay organic materials (keeps ecosystems healthy), responsible for diseases, easy to spread, antibiotics, reproduction, symbiotic relationship with them (microbiomes in our gut for digestion)

27
Q

halophiles

A

(prokayote, archaea) microorganisms that may inhabit extremely salty environments

28
Q

methanogens

A

(prokaryotes, archaea) microorganisms that produce methane

29
Q

thermophiles

A

(prokaryotes, archaea) microorganisms that can thrive extremely hot environments

30
Q

prokaryote

A

simple, mostly simgle celled organisms, lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, DNA is in the nucleoid

31
Q

eukaryotes

A

membrane bound nucleus and organelles, have specialized cellular functions, several rod-shaped chromosomes

32
Q

mesophyll

A

middle layer of the cell; where photosynthesis occurs (most chloroplast-containing cells occur here)

33
Q

stomata

A

small, regulated opening on the bottom of the leaf where the gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occur; regulate water balance

34
Q

guard cells

A

flank the stomata by opening and closing/ swelling or shrinking in response to osmotic changes

35
Q

chlorophyll

A

a pigment responsible for the initial interaction between light and plant material; embedded in the thylakoid membrane

36
Q

chlorophyll

A

a pigment responsible for the initial interaction between light and plant material; embedded in the thylakoid membrane

cell biology (4 decks)

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