5.3 active transport

Question 1

concentration gradient

Answer 1

substance move from high concentration to low concentration

Question 2

active transport

Answer 2

substances move into the cell against its concentration gradient; substance’s concentration inside the cell is greater than its concentration in the extracellular fluid; requires ATP; moves small-molecular weight materials through membrane; transports larger molecules

Question 3

electrical gradient

Answer 3

difference of charge across the plasma membrane; ions move into and out of cell

Question 4

electrochemical gradient-sodium

Answer 4

cell has lower concentration of Na+ than extracellular fluid; concentration gradient AND electrical gradient drive Na+ into the negatively charged interior

Question 5

eletrochemical gradient-potassium

Answer 5

cell has higher concentrations of K+ than extracellular fluid; concentration gradient drives K+ OUT of cell; electrical gradient drive K+ into the cell

Question 6

pumps

Answer 6

active transport mechanisms that work against electrochemical gradients to move substances against a concentration OR electrochemical gradient; requires ATP generated through the cell’s metabolism

Question 7

transporters

Answer 7

facilitate movement into and out of cells in active transport; three kinds; transport small, uncharged organic molecules like glucose

Question 8

uniporter

Answer 8

carries one specific ion or molecule

Question 9

syporter

Answer 9

carries two different ions or molecules in the same direction

Question 10

antiporter

Answer 10

carries two different ions or molecules in different directions

Question 11

active transport mechanisms

Answer 11

primary active transport and secondary active transport; both transport small molecular weight material and small molecules

Question 12

primary active transport

Answer 12

moves ions across a membrane and creates a difference in charge across that membrane; requires ATP

Question 13

secondary active transport

Answer 13

the movement of material due to the electrochemical gradient established by primary active transport; does not require ATP

Question 14

sodium potassium pump (primary active transport “step 1”)

Answer 14

moves K into the cell while moving Na+ out at the same time (2:3); maintains the electrochemical gradient and correct concentrations of Na+ and K+ in living cells; interior of cell is more negative than the exterior

Question 15

electrogenic pump

Answer 15

a pump that creates a charge imbalance; important for secondary process

Question 16

sodium potassium pump (secondary active transport “step 2”)

Answer 16

Uses the kinetic energy of the sodium ions to bring other compounds against their concentration gradient into the cell; the potential energy that accumulates in the stored hydrogen ions translates into kinetic energy

Question 17

bulk transport

Answer 17

used for molecules too large to be moved by transport proteins; vesicles take them into or out of the cell

Question 18

endocytosis

Answer 18

active transport; moves large molecules into the cell; the cell’s plasma membrane forms a pocket around the target particle then pinches off resulting in a vesicle with the particles inside

Question 19

phagocytosis (type of endocytosis)

Answer 19

process by which a cell takes in large particles, such as other cells, bacteria or food particles; merges with a lysosome to release the particles

Question 20

pinocytosis (type of endocytosis)

Answer 20

vesicles form around a liquid or very small particles which the cell needs from the extracellular fluid; much smaller vesicle; doesnt need to merge with a lysosome

Question 20

potocytosis

Answer 20

variation of pinocytosis; brings small molecules into the cell and transports them through the cell to the other side (transcytosis); vesicles smaller than ones in pinocytosis

Question 21

receptor-mediated endocytosis (type of endocytosis)

Answer 21

molecules bind to specific receptor proteins in an embedded pit in the plasma membrane, when enough molecules accumulate the pit deepens, seals and is incorporated into the cell

Question 22

exocytosis

Answer 22

expels material from the cell into the extracellular fluid; waste material is enveloped in a membrane and fuses with the plasma membrane’s interior; then fusion opens the envelope on the cell’s exterior and the waste material expels into the extracellular space

Question 23

diffusion (active/passive)

Answer 23

passive

Question 24

osmosis (active/passive)

Answer 24

passive

Question 25

facilitated diffusion (active/passive)

Answer 25

passive

Question 26

primary active transport (active/passive)

Answer 26

active

Question 27

secondary active transport (active/passive)

Answer 27

active

Question 28

phagocytosis (active/passive)

Answer 28

active

Question 29

pinocytosis and potocytosis (active/passive)

Answer 29

active

Question 30

receptor-mediated endocytosis (active/passive)

Answer 30

active