final Flashcards
the law
Torah
the Prophets
Nevi’im
The Writings
Kethuvim
____ is sometimes used to refer to the writings
Psalms
The early church fathers sometimes refer to the Writings with the Greek term “______” which means “ ______ ______”.
hagiographa; sacred writings
books of the Writings are not easily…
classified
Writings: basically a collection of books that…
do not git into the category of “law” or “prophets”
the basic divisions of the Writings from the Jewish perspective:
- Three Books of Truth
2. the 5 scrolls `
three books of truth
Job, Psalms, Proverbs
the 5 scrolls
Song of Solomon, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther
when were the Three Books of Truth and the 5 Scrolls read?
during Jewish Feasts
Ezra-Nehimiah: 2 ____ compositions that were _______ in Hebrew manuscript, but _____ again by the early church.
separate; combined; separated
Chronicles: originally ____ book…
1; first divide by the translators of the Septuagint
what are the books of wisdom?
Job-Song of Solomon
Wisdom Lit: little concern with _____, _____, or ____.
history, chronology, or place
Wisdom lit: emphasis on the established _____ or ____ code of conduct
moral or social
Wisdom lit: concern over the question of ____ and ____ in the world
good and evil
Wisdom lit: glorification of God as ____ and ___ of all true knowledge
creator and source
Wisdom lit is written mostly in
poetry
two basic genres of wisdom lit in the OT
- practical wisdom (most common)
2. philosophical wisdom
this genre consists of wise sayings of proverbs which encourage good habits which brings success, happiness, and safety
practical wisdom
Proverbs is an example of ____ wisdom
practica;
this genre is speculative, even pessimistic. It asks questions that may not be very comforting
Philosophical wisdom
examples of philosophical wisdom
Job + Ecclesiastes
Job: when was it written
OLD; unknown date
Job: who wrote it
anonymous, but an Israelite
Job was not an ____, he was ____.
Israelite, Arabic
Job appears in the Quran as…
a prophet of Allah
Job: the structure of the book
- prologue (Prose)
- main body (poetry)
- epilogue (prose)
Job: what genre of literature
- history
- extended parable
- ancient drama/play
- WHATEVER THE GENRE, IT IS TRUE
Job’s 3 friends give
expected advice
____ gives Job more unique advice
Elihu
Theodicy
the issue of God’s justice in the face of suffering, especially the suffering of the innocent.
theodicy: answer of other stories
human sin is the cause of suffering (you get what you deserve)
generally, Good, godly living leads to a ___ life
good
Elihu’s contribution: suffering may be ____ rather than ____.
preventative; punitive (punishment)
Human’s lack the ___ to figure out the reasons for suffering
wisdom
Christianity focuses more the ____ to suffering, rather than the ____ of suffering
response; explanation
proverbs: author
a group of people with wisdom, with Solomon as the primary contributor
proverbs: date
around 10th century BC
proverbs: a book of ___ wisdom, intended to help people live a ___ and ____ life.
practical; good and happy
proverbs: if read as ____ _____ or as _____…
absolute truth or as prediction of future, we are misusing the book
some proverbs ______ other proverbs
contradict
a proverb is not a proverb unless…
it is used wisely (CONTEXT/SITUATION MATTERS)
Song of Solomon: author
traditional view: solomon
perhaps Song of Solomon is an allegory of the relationship between…
God and Israel
Christ and church
Christ and individual
Song of Solomon is probably:
love poetry between humans
basic style of Song of Solomon
lover talks
beloved talks
occasionally -friends talk
____, within appropriate parameters, is ___.
sex, good
Song of Solomon: surprising how expressive the ____/____ is. the beloved is an active _____ in ___ and ____ pleasure.
beloved/woman; giving and reciving
Chronicles: author
Ezra
chronicles: daye
after the exile
chronicles: division
by the translators of the LXX
Chronicles: author made us of many written sources (both biblical and extra biblical) so much of the book is retelling stories, especially from ____ and ____.
Samuel and Kings
after the exile, the question was whether or not God as still …
interested in Israel
Chronicles emphasizes
- continuity with the past
- Law/Prophets is more central than the role of the king
- there is hope for the future
- positive view of David/Solomon
Ecclesiastes was probably written by
Solomon at the end of his life
Ecclesiastes: the author’s title is _____, which means _______. AND, the style of language suggests a time _____ Solomon.
Qoheleth, teacher; after
Ecclesiastes: the author is looking _____ and …
back, reflecting on what he has learned
Ecclesiastes is a book of ____ wisdom
philosophical
is Ecclesiastes optimistic or pessimistic?
pessimistic
key words/phrases in Ecclesiastes
- under the sun: human perspective
- hevel: vapor/mist or vanity/meaningless
- chasing after the wind
summary of Ecclesiastes: all the “extras” are ______. “extras”=?
meaningless; respect/strength/prestige/etc
conclusion of Ecclesiastes
God will bring judgement for all that is good and evil
why is the date of Daniel so important?
- Daniel predicts the future
- some do not believe there is a God who knows the future
(excuse: Daniel was written after the events prophesied)
author of Ruth
unknown: it is one of the 5 scrolls
date of ruth
time of the judges
why is Ruth placed after proverbs in the Hebrew tradition?
Ruth is an example of the noble woman described at the end of proverbs
Ruth has more ____ than any other book (nearly ___ of the book)
dialogue, 2/3
Naomi is ____, but through the ___ of Ruth and Boaz and the ____, she becomes ___.
empty, kindness, Lord, full
Elimelek: my ___ is king
God
Naomi:
pleasant one
Mara:
bitter
Mahlon:
sick
Kilion
weakening
ruth:
friend
Boaz:
strength in Him
Ruth’s nationality:
moabite (ancestors of the Moabiteas)
Ruth’s lineage
she is in the lineage of King David
levirate marriage
the next of kin is obligated to provide for widows
kinsman redeemer or _____
Goel; next of kin (protects/provides for the fam)
God is ____ of those ____ the circle
accepting; outside
notice the ____ in the genealogy of Jesus.
women
Esther: author
anonymous
Esther: date
around 460 BC
why didn’t Mordecai ____, and why did it make Hamaan so mad?
bow; the agates (Hamaan) attacked the Israelites right after they left Egypt
Esther provides the rationale for the feast and celebration of _____, which means _____.
purim, lots
___ is not mentioned in Esther
God
through history, many tried to make the book more ______. the best example is the efforts of the Septuagint. in the LXX, the book of Esther has over _____ additional _____. these include lengthy _____, repeated references to _____, and statements about ____ keeping God’s _____.
spiritual; 100; verses; prayers; God; Esther; commandments
