Fighting Disease Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

what features on the human body is a part of the defence system

A

skin, hairs, mucus, trachea, bronchi, cilla and the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how does the skin prevent diseases

A

acts as a barrier to pathogens. it also secretes antimicrobial substances which kill pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how do the hairs and mucus prevent diseases

A

hair and mucus in your nose trap particles that could contain pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do the trachea and bronchi prevent diseases

A

secrete mucus to trap pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how does the cillis prevent diseases

A

cilia are hairlike structures, which waft the mucus up to the back of the throat where is can be swallowed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does the stomach prevent disease

A

stomach produces hydrochloric acid, which kills pathogens that make it the far from the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

if pathogens make it into your body what helps to destroy them

A

your immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the most important part of you immune system

A

white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do white blood cells do

A

they travel around your body and crawl into every part of you, constantly patrolling for microbes. when they come across an invading they have three lines of attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the three stages that the white blood cell process go through

A

1) consuming a foreign cell
2) producing antibodies
3) producing antitoxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens in the first stage of the white blood cell process

A

white blood cells can engulf foreign cells and digest them. this is called PHAGOCYTOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens in the second stage of the white blood cell process

A

1) every invading pathogen has unique molecules (called antigens) on its surface
2) when some types of white blood cell come across a foreign antigen, found and destroyed by other white blood cells.
3) the antibodies produced are specific to that type of antigen - they wont lock on to any others
4) antibodies are then produced rapidly and carried around the body to find all similar bacteria or viruses
5) if the person is infected with the same pathogen again the white blood cells will rapidly produce the antibodies to kill it - the person is naturally immune to that pathogen and wont get ill.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the third and final stage of the white blood cell process

A

these counteract toxins produced by the invading bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the two types of white blood cells

A

phagocytes and lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do phagocytes produce

A

phagocytosis, which are particles with foreign antigens, which are engulfed and destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do lymphocytes do and produce

A

lymphocytes produce antibodies to fight pathogens.
lymphocytes are a protein that is specific to the antigens of a pathogen, it attaches to antigens and can mark pathogens for other cells to target. pathogens clump together so it is easier to destroy, or they will kill it directly.

17
Q

what do lymphocytes do after an infection

A

after an infection lymphocytes turn into memory cells, which stay in our system, so if a pathogen is encountered again, antibodies will be produced quickly

18
Q

what can bacteria produce

A

toxins that are harmful to the body, white blood cells detect the toxins and produce antitoxins; the antitoxins then neutralise the effect of toxins.