Fields of Biology

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

study of life

Question 2

Anatomy

Answer 2

study of the structure of an organism

Question 3

Physiology

Answer 3

study of how an organism functions/ study of homeostatic mechanisms

Question 4

Cytology

Answer 4

study of cells

Question 5

Histology

Answer 5

study of tissues

Question 6

Molecular biology

Answer 6

study of biological molecules

Question 7

Genetics

Answer 7

study of genes and inheritance

Question 8

Microbiology

Answer 8

study of bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes & protozoans

Question 9

Embryology

Answer 9

study of the development of embryos

Question 10

Pathology

Answer 10

study of the progression & effects of disease within an organism

Question 11

Epidemiology

Answer 11

study of the transmission of disease between organisms

Question 12

How much does water account for of a human’s weight?

Answer 12

2/3

Question 13

Life form requirements p1

Answer 13

h2o-based chemistry, metabolism, absorption, growth, repair, can indepedently reproduce

Question 14

Life form requirements p2

Answer 14

Circulation, excretion, environmental interaction/adaption, movement (internal or external), cellular structure, chemical uniqueness (having macromolecules)

Question 14

Water is required for life because

Answer 14

Universal solvent, water molecules stick together, water takes heat faster, stays liquid within a wide range

Question 15

Anabolic metabolism

Answer 15

making smaller molecules larger

Question 16

Catabolic metabolism

Answer 16

making larger molecules smaller

Question 17

Metabolism is

Answer 17

the process of extracting & transforming energy

Question 18

Circulation

Answer 18

moving materials/products within the cell & between cells, tissues and organs

Question 19

Excretion

Answer 19

defecations, sweating, urination, breathing

Question 20

Biological macromolecules

Answer 20

Nucleic acids (composed of nucleotide subunits like DNA and RNA), Proteins (composed of amino acids subunits like muscle, hair, blood, antibodies), Carbohydrates (composed of saccharide, sugar like sucrose, starch, cellulose, subunits; contains CHO, 1:2:1 ratio.) Lipids (composed of fatty acid subunits like butter, fat, oils, waxes, some hormones)

Question 21

On average, how many cells are in a human being?

Answer 21

70 trillion

Question 22

Biological organization

Answer 22

atoms<molecules<organelles<cells<tissues<organs<organ systems<organism<population<biological communities<ecosystems<biomes<biosphere

Question 23

Homeostasis is

Answer 23

a dynamic state of equilibrium in which optimal parameters of the body are maintained

Question 24

Homeostatic set pint or range

Answer 24

the point or range of a parameter at which the body functions best (salinity- 0.9%, temperature- 37C/98.6F, fluids, blood sugar, vessel diameter, blood gases, insulin, blood pH- 7.35 to 7.45)

Question 25

Negative feedback (mostly happens)

Answer 25

movement back towards the homeostatic set point (too much salt intake and thirst)

Question 26

Positive feedback

Answer 26

movement away from the homeostatic set point (clotting, lactation, uterine contractions, temperature increases)

Question 27

Integumentary

Answer 27

controls thermal temperatures, feels environment, vitamin D synthesis(combining particles to make something new) E.G. skin, hair, sebaceuos & sweat glands, nerve endings,

Question 28

Skeletal

Answer 28

organ protection, muscle attachment, blood production, mineral & fat storage E.G. bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilages

Question 29

Muscular

Answer 29

Movement, thermoregulation, posture, venous return circulation (flow back to heart) E.G. skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, ligaments, tendons

Question 30

Cardiovascular

Answer 30

pump & transport blood, nutrients, hormones & gases, thermoregulation E.G. heart, arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 31

Lymphatic

Answer 31

interstitial fluid return(excess liquid that leaves the capillaries), immunity, transport of fatty molecules E.G. lymphatic vessels & nodes, thymus, spleen, appendix, tonsils, lymphocyte blood cells

Question 32

Digestive

Answer 32

food breakdown, absorption of nutrients & elimination of wastes, h2o absorption, vitamin production E.G. mouth, teeth, esophagus, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, intestines, rectum

Question 33

Respiratory (Pulmonary)

Answer 33

exchange of gases between environ. & blood, release of toxins E.G. nasal cavity, trachea, pharynx, larynx, lungs

Question 34

Urinary

Answer 34

remove N wastes from blood, H2O & electrolyte balance, blood pH balance, store & transport urine, hormone production E.G. kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 35

Reproductive

Answer 35

production & transfer of gametes, copulation (intercouse), embryo/fetus development, hormone production E.G. genitalia, gonads, uterus, prostate

Question 36

Nervous

Answer 36

Sensory reception & interpretation, stimulate muscles & glands E.G brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs

Question 37

Endocrine

Answer 37

Controls metabolic activities of organs & glands, homeostasis, production of hormones E.G. all glands & organs that secrete hormones

Question 38

Pituitary gland

Answer 38

regulate gonads, thyroid, adrenal cortex, lactation, H2O balance, growth

Question 39

Thyroid & Parathyroid

Answer 39

regulate metabolic rate & blood calcium and phosphate

Question 40

Adrenal gland

Answer 40

produces steroids (>24), adrenaline(epinephrine) & noradrenaline(norepinephrine)

Question 41

Pancreas

Answer 41

produces pancreatic juice, regulates glucagon & insulin

Question 42

Ovaries

Answer 42

produces estrogen hormones

Question 43

Testes

Answer 43

produces androgen hormones

Question 44

Pineal gland

Answer 44

produces hormone melatonin that regulates circadian rhythm (body’s natural clock)

Question 45

Thymus gland

Answer 45

produces thymosin hormones affect the production of white blood cells

Question 46

Kidneys

Answer 46

produces hormones erythropoietin, calcitriol & renin