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fibrinolysis Flashcards

1
Q

What is fibrinolysis?

A

The process by which fibrin in blood clots is broken down.

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2
Q

True or False: Fibrinolysis is essential for wound healing.

A

True

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3
Q

What enzyme initiates fibrinolysis?

A

Plasmin

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Fibrinolysis involves the conversion of __________ to plasmin.

A

Plasminogen

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5
Q

Which protein is primarily responsible for forming the fibrin clot?

A

Fibrinogen

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6
Q

What is the role of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in fibrinolysis?

A

tPA converts plasminogen to plasmin.

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following inhibits fibrinolysis? A) Plasmin B) tPA C) Antiplasmin D) Fibrinogen

A

C) Antiplasmin

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8
Q

What is the primary function of plasmin?

A

To degrade fibrin and dissolve blood clots.

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9
Q

True or False: Fibrinolysis occurs only after a clot has formed.

A

True

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10
Q

What factors can promote the process of fibrinolysis?

A

Increased levels of tPA and reduced levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: Fibrinolysis is part of the __________ system.

A

Hemostatic

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12
Q

What is the significance of fibrinolysis in cardiovascular health?

A

It helps to prevent excessive clot formation and maintain blood flow.

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13
Q

Define the term ‘fibrinolytic therapy.’

A

A treatment that uses drugs to dissolve blood clots.

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14
Q

Multiple Choice: Which condition may require fibrinolytic therapy? A) Hypertension B) Myocardial Infarction C) Anemia D) Diabetes

A

B) Myocardial Infarction

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15
Q

What is the role of urokinase in fibrinolysis?

A

Urokinase is another enzyme that activates plasminogen to plasmin.

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16
Q

True or False: Fibrinolysis can be impaired by certain medical conditions.

A

True

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17
Q

What is the consequence of excessive fibrinolysis?

A

It can lead to bleeding disorders.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The natural inhibitors of fibrinolysis include __________.

A

Plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI 1 and PAI 2), ALPHA2 ANTIPLASMIN, ALPHA2 MACROGLOBULIN, THROMBOSPODIN

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19
Q

What is the relationship between fibrinolysis and thrombosis?

A

Fibrinolysis counteracts thrombosis by breaking down clots.

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20
Q

What is the clinical importance of monitoring fibrinolytic activity?

A

To assess the risk of thrombotic and bleeding complications.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: Fibrinolysis is regulated by a balance between __________ and __________.

A

Fibrinolytic agents and inhibitors

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22
Q

What laboratory test can be used to assess fibrinolytic activity?

A

D-dimer test

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23
Q

True or False: Fibrinolysis is a rapid process that occurs immediately after clot formation.

A

False

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24
Q

What is the main goal of fibrinolysis?

A

To restore normal blood flow by removing clots.

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25
system whereby the temporary fibrin clot is systematically and gradually dissolved as the vessel heals in order to restore normal blood flow.
fibrinolysis
26
Single-chain protein possessing five glycosylated loops
kringles
27
Plasminogen is synthesize in
liver
28
Plasminogen gene is located on
chromosome 6q26- q27
29
Plasma concentration of PLG
200mg/L
30
serine protease that systematically digests fibrin polymer by the hydrolysis of arginine-related and lysine- related peptide bond
Plasmin
31
most important in fibrinolysis
plasmin
32
the only protein that is able to degrade fibrin clot.
plasmin
33
The Actions of Plasmin
- Destroys fibrinogen and fibrin - Produces FDP, which increase vascular permeability and interfere with thrombin- induced fibrin formation - Produces D-Dimer - Destroys Factor V, VIII, IX, XI and other plasma proteins - Indirectly enhances or amplifies conversion of Factor XII to XIIa - Enhances or amplifies conversion of PK to kallikrein, liberating kinins from kininogen - Cleaves C3 fragments
34
Converts plasminogen to plasmin in the absence of fibrin formation
primary fibrinolysis
35
conditions associated with secondary fibrinolysis
- Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction - Infection - Neoplasm - DIC - Snake bite
36
TPA is secreted by
endothelial cells
37
inhibits the activation of plasminogen resulting into the continuation of the production of thrombus
PAI-1
38
Two kringle regions, form lysine bonds with fibrin
TPA
39
UPA is secreted by
urinary tract epithelial cells, monocytes, and macrophages
40
One kringle region
UPa
41
Becomes incorporated into the mix of fibrin-bound plasminogen and TPA at the time of thrombus formation
UPA
42
The major inhibitor of free plasmin
ALPHA2 ANTIPLASMIN
43
suppresses fibrinolysis by removing fibrin C terminal lysine binding sites blocking TPA and plasminogen binding
Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI)
44
a2-ANTIPLASMIN is present in
plasma and platelets
45
half life of TAFI
10 mins
46
TAFI is activated by
thrombin-thrombomodulin complex
47
fibrin fragments
X, Y, D, E, and D-dimer (D-D)
48
specific FDP
D-dimer
49
Why FDP has anticoag
can interfere with fibrin polymerization and platelet function
50
fibrin degraded by plasmin produce
fragment X
51
fragment X
D-E-D
52
fragment X degraded by plasmin produce
Fragment Y
53
Fragment Y
D-E
54
D-D fragment also known as
D-dimer
55
Fibrin (cross-linked) complexes
DD/E complex YD/DY YY/DD
56
Also known as normal fibrinolysis
primary fibriolysis
57
2 MAJOR IMPORTANT PROTEINS RESPONSIBLE FOR LYSIS
TPA UPA
58
does not have fibrin monomers, fibrin polymer, and d-dimer.
primary fibrinolysis
59
checks for the presence of fibrin degradation products.
d-dimer assay/test
60
has D-dimer, fibrin monomer, and fibrin polymer
secondary fibrinolysis

hema312 (8 decks)

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