Fiber and Lipids

Question 1

What fibers are insoluble?

Answer 1

Lignin
Cellulose
Hemicelluloses (some)

Question 2

Which fibers are soluble?

Answer 2

Fructans
Psyllium
B-glucans
Pectins
Gums
Hemicelluloses (some)

Question 3

Which fibers are viscous?

Answer 3

Psyllium
Beta glucans
Pectins
Gums

Question 4

What is the bond configuration with polymers of cellulose?

Answer 4

glucose b1,4

Question 5

Which fiber is phenolic?

Answer 5

Lignin

Question 6

Where is lignin found?

Answer 6

Stems and seeds (woody)

Question 7

What is the backbone of hemicellulose?

Answer 7

Xylose, mannose, galactose

Question 8

What causes a hemicellulose to be soluble?

Answer 8

Acidic side chains

Question 9

What is the backbone to pectin?

Answer 9

Galacturonic acid

Question 10

Can pectin be degraded by gut bacteria?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Can Hemicellulose be degraded by gut bacteria?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Can gums be degraded by gut bacteria?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Can glucans be degraded by gut bacteria?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Can lignin be degraded by gut bacteria?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Which fiber is important for short chain fatty acid creation?

Answer 15

Beta glucans

Question 16

Which is important for growth of bifidobacteria in gut?

Answer 16

Fructans

Question 17

Which is a fat substitute in salad dressing?

Answer 17

Fructans

Question 18

What is psyllium used for?

Answer 18

Metamucil

Question 19

How is chitin different from cellulose?

Answer 19

Amino group substitution on glucoses

Question 20

What is polydextrose?

Answer 20

Glucose and sorbitol polymer used as an additive to replace sugar

Question 21

Which fibers delay gastric emptying?

Answer 21

Soluble fiber

Question 22

Which fiber increase transit time through GI? Which decrease transit time?

Answer 22

Increase: Soluble fiber
Decrease: Insoluble fiber

Question 23

Which fiber decreases nutrient uptake? Which increased nutrient uptake?

Answer 23

Decrease: Soluble fiber
Increase: Insoluble fiber

Question 24

If something has a glycemic index higher than 100, what does that mean?

Answer 24

It takes a shorter time to spike blood glucose levels after eating than whole wheat bread.

Question 25

What are four benefits to fiber?

Answer 25

Decreased lipid absorption Lowered serum cholesterol concentration Gut micro biome growth Increased fecal bulk

Question 26

What does fiber do to lipid uptake?

Answer 26

Prevents micelle formation

Question 27

What does fiber do to cholesterol?

Answer 27

Increases excretion of bile acids (decreases cholesterol)

Question 28

What two cell types benefit from SCFA production?

Answer 28

Colonic epithelium | Immune system cells

Question 29

Which immune cells are down regulated by SCFA's?

Answer 29

CD4 T cells | Macrophages

Question 30

What important molecule in breast milk is used by gut bacteria?

Answer 30

Non-digestable oligosaccharides