FHS GCSE PE 1.2.4 Flashcards
What does the term ‘voluntary’ muscle mean?
A muscle which you consciously control. These are the muscles that pull the bones for movement to occur.
Can you name the 11 voluntary muscles in your body?
Deltoid, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, pectorals, biceps, triceps, abdominals, quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals and gastrocnemius.
Can you describe the term ‘antagonistic pairs’?
Muscles work as pairs, while one muscle contracts the other relaxes.
Is the agonist (prime mover) the relaxing or the contracting muscle?
Contracting muscle
Is the antagonist the relaxing or the contracting muscle?
Relaxing muscle
Can you name the 2 antagonistic pairs?
Bicep and Tricep & Hamstring and Quadricep
Which muscle contracts to allow flexion of the arm at the elbow?
Bicep
What movement occurs at the elbow when the tricep contracts?
Extension
Which muscle contracts to allow flexion of the leg at the knee?
Hamstring
What movement occurs at the knee when the quadriceps contract?
Extension
Which muscle contracts to allow extension of the leg at the hip?
Gluteals
What movement occurs at the ankle when the gastrocnemius contracts?
Plantar flexion of the ankle
Which muscle contracts to allow abduction of the upper arm at the shoulder?
Deltoids
Which muscle contracts to allow rotation of the scapula towards the spine?
Trapezius
What movement occurs at the shoulder when the latissimus dorsi contracts?
Adduction
Other than the latissimus dorsi which muscle contracts to allow adduction at the shoulder?
Pectorals
Which muscle contracts to allow flexion of the trunk?
Abdominals
What are the 2 different types of muscle contraction?
Isotonic and Isometric
What is an isotonic contraction?
A contraction of a muscle that results in movement.
What does the term ‘voluntary’ muscle mean?
A muscle that works on demand.
What is an isometric contraction?
A contraction of a muscle which increases tension but the length stays the same.
What are the 3 short term effects of exercise on the muscular system?
Increase in muscle temperature, muscle fatigue and an increase in lactic acid production.
What are the 4 long term effects of exercise on the muscular system?
Increased strength of muscles , increased size of muscles (hypertrophy), increased myoglobin stores, the tendons and ligaments become stronger.
How do the long term effects of exercise on the muscular system benefit the body when taking part in physical activity?
You are more able to perform activities requiring strength, power and muscular endurance, improves immediate oxygen supply to the muscles and better support of joints.
Why is it important that the muscular system has time to rest?
To allow muscles to repair and grow after exercise.
What is it important to eat as part of your balanced diet to aid the muscular system?
Protein
What performance enhancing drug builds and develops the strength of muscles?
Anabolic Steroids
What is the name of the injury that is common to the muscular system?
Strain
How should you treat a muscle strain?
RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation)
What does muscle ‘atrophy’ mean?
Loss of muscle mass and strength, this is often caused by stopping training.
