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Question 1

Louis XIV

Answer 1

Biography) known as le roi soleil (the Sun King). 1638-1715, king of France (1643-1715); son of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria. Effective ruler from 1661, he established an absolute monarchy.

Question 2

Peter the great

Answer 2

Peter the Great, Peter I or Peter Alexeyevich ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May 1682 until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V. Through a number of successful wars he …

Question 3

Willian the great elector

Answer 3

Frederick William (German: Friedrich Wilhelm) (16 February 1620 – 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia – and thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia – from 1640 until his death. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he is popularly known as “the Great Elector”[1

Question 4

Czar

Answer 4

an emperor of Russia before 1917:
“Tsar Nicholas II”
a person appointed by government to advise on and coordinate policy in a particular area:
“America’s new drug czar”

Question 5

absolutism

Answer 5

the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.

Question 6

boyar

Answer 6

a member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a prince.

Question 7

Ivan IV

Answer 7

Ivan IV Vasilyevich, commonly known as Ivan the Terrible or Ivan the Fearsome, was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547, then “Tsar of All the Russias” until his death in 1584. The last title was used by all his successors.

Question 8

divine right,

Answer 8

the belief that the monarch’s authority comes directly from God rather than from the people

Question 9

thirty years war

Answer 9

a European war of 1618–48 that broke out between the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor and some of his German Protestant states and developed into a struggle for continental hegemony with France, Sweden, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire as the major protagonists. It was ended by the Treaty of Westphalia.

Question 10

Catherine the great

Answer 10

Catherine II of Russia (Russian: Екатерина Алексеевна Yekaterina Alekseyevna), also known as Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая, Yekaterina Velikaya; 2 May [O.S. 21 April] 1729 – 17 November [O.S. 6 November] 1796), was the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia, reigning from 1762 until her death in 1796 at the age of 67

Question 11

Window to the west

Answer 11

Catherine II of Russia (Russian: Екатерина Алексеевна Yekaterina Alekseyevna), also known as Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая, Yekaterina Velikaya; 2 May [O.S. 21 April] 1729 – 17 November [O.S. 6 November] 1796), was the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia, reigning from 1762 until her death in 1796 at the age of 67

Question 12

henry IV

Answer 12

1553–1610), king of France 1589–1610; known as Henry of Navarre. Although leader of Huguenot forces in the latter stages of the French Wars of Religion, on succeeding the Catholic Henry III, he became Catholic himself in order to guarantee peace. He established religious freedom with the Edict of Nantes (1598) and restored order after the prolonged civil war.

Question 13

war of spanish secession

Answer 13

The War of the Spanish Succession was a major European conflict of the early 18th century, triggered by the death in 1700 of the last Habsburg King of Spain, the infirm and childless Charles II. Charles II had ruled over a large active empir…

Question 14

maria theresa

Answer 14

1717–80), archduchess of Austria; queen of Hungary and Bohemia 1740–80. The daughter of Emperor Charles VI, she succeeded to the Habsburg dominions in 1740 by virtue of the Pragmatic Sanction. Her accession triggered the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48), which led in turn to the Seven Years War (1756–63).

Question 15

pragmatic sanction

Answer 15

an imperial or royal ordinance or decree that has the force of law.

Question 16

hapsburgs

Answer 16

The Habsburg Monarchy (German: Habsburgermonarchie) or Empire, occasionally also styled as the Danubian Monarchy (Donaumonarchie), is an unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918.

Question 17

austria seven years war

Answer 17

The Seven Years’ War was a war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763. It involved every European great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire, spanning five continents, and affected Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines.

Question 18

frederick the great

Answer 18

Frederick II was King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786, the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king. His most significant accomplishments during his reign included his military victories, his reorganization of Prussian armies, his patron…

Question 19

glorious revolution

Answer 19

The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange. William’s successful in…

Question 20

frederick william I

Answer 20

Frederick William I (German: Friedrich Wilhelm I) (14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the ‘Soldier King,’[1] was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death, as well as the father of Frederick the Great. He was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.

Question 21

spanish armada

Answer 21

Also called Spanish Armada. the fleet sent against England by Philip II of Spain in 1588, defeated by the English navy. 2. (l.c.) any fleet of warships. 3. (l.c.) a large group or force of vehicles, airplanes, etc.: an armada of transport trucks.

Question 22

james I Purritans

Answer 22

Historians have produced and worked with a number of definitions of Puritanism, in an unresolved debate on the nature of the Puritan movement of the 16th and 17th century. There are some historians who are prepared to reject the term for historical use.[1

Question 23

Queen elizabeth

Answer 23

. (Biography) 1533-1603, queen of England (1558-1603); daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She established the Church of England (1559) and put an end to Catholic plots, notably by executing Mary Queen of Scots (1587) and defeating the Spanish Armada (1588).

Question 24

charles I

Answer 24

(Biography) title of Charles Stuart 1600-49, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-49); son of James I. He ruled for 11 years (1629-40) without parliament, advised by his minister Strafford, until rebellion broke out in Scotland.