cold war

Question 1

Four Asian Tigers

Answer 1

The Four Asian Tigers, Four Little Dragons or Four Asian Dragons, are the economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan, which underwent rapid industrialization and maintained exceptionally high growth rates (in excess of 7 percent a year) between the early 1960s (mid-1950s for Hong Kong) and 1990s.

Question 2

Tiananmen

Answer 2

Tiananmen Square is a city square in the centre of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen (“Gate of Heavenly Peace”) located to its north, separating it from the Forbidden City. The square contains the Monument to the People’s Heroes, the Great Hall of the People, the National Museum of China, and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong.

Question 3

devolution

Answer 3

Devolution is the statutory delegation of powers from the central government of a sovereign state to govern at a subnational level, such as a regional or local level. It is a form of administrative decentralization. Devolved territories have the power to make legislation relevant to the area.

Question 4

ronal reagan

Answer 4

Ronald Wilson Reagan (/ˈrɒnəld ˈwɪlsən ˈreɪɡən/) (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Before his presidency, he was the 33rd Governor of California, from 1967 to 1975, after a career as a Hollywood actor and union leader.

Question 5

gorbachev

Answer 5

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (/ˈɡɔːrbəˌtʃɒf/;[1] Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв; IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ɡərbɐˈtɕɵf] ( listen); born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman. He was the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, when the party was dissolved.

Question 6

perestroika

Answer 6

Perestroika (Russian: перестро́йка; IPA: [pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə] ( listen))[1] was a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s, widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning “openness”) policy reform. The literal meaning of perestroika is “restructuring”, referring to the restructuring of the Soviet political and economic system.

Question 7

glasnost

Answer 7

In the Russian language the word glasnost (Russian: гла́сность, IPA: [ˈɡlasnəsʲtʲ] ( listen)) has several general and specific meanings. Its meaning “publicity” in the sense “the state of being open to public knowledge” has been used in Russian at least since the end of the 18th century

Question 8

tatcherism

Answer 8

Thatcherism describes the conviction politics, economic, social policy and political style of the British Conservative Party politician Margaret Thatcher, who was leader of her party from 1975 to 1990. It has also been used to describe the beliefs of the British government under Thatcher as Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990, and beyond into the governments of John Major, Tony Blair and David Cameron.[1]

Question 9

Tony Blair

Answer 9

Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007. He remains the most recent Labour Party leader to have won a general election.

Question 10

yugoslavia

Answer 10

Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslavija/Југославија, Slovene: Jugoslavija, Macedonian: Југославија) was a country in Southeast Europe during most of the 20th century. It came into existence after World War I in 1918[i] under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by the merger of the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (itself formed from territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire) with the formerly independent Kingdom of Serbi

Question 11

bosnia

Answer 11

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Listeni/ˈbɒzniə ənd ˌhɛərtsəɡoʊˈviːnə, -ˌhɜːrt-, -ɡə-/ or /ˌhɜːrtsəˈɡɒvᵻnə/;[10][11] B&H; Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian: Bosna i Hercegovina / Боснa и Херцеговина [bôsna i xěrt͡seɡoʋina]), sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH), and, in short, often known informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeastern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula.

Question 12

Rwada

Answer 12

Rwanda (/ruːˈɑːndə/ or /ruːˈændə/ (About this sound listen); Kinyarwanda: U Rwanda [u.ɾɡwanda] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Rwanda (Kinyarwanda: Repubulika y’u Rwanda; French: République du Rwanda), is a sovereign state in Central and East Africa and one of the smallest countries on the African mainland.

Question 13

cambodia

Answer 13

Cambodia Angkor Air (Khmer: កម្ពុជា អង្គរ អ៊ែរ) is the national flag carrier[1] airline of Cambodia, with its corporate headquarters and main hub in Phnom Penh.[2] It commenced operations on the 28 of July 2009. The airline was established as a joint venture by the Cambodian government (51%) and Vietnam Airlines (49%), the latter allowing for codeshare flights. All of its fleet and most of its staff are leased from Vietnam Airlines. [3

Question 14

kosovo

Answer 14

Kosovo (/ˈkɒsəvoʊ, ˈkoʊ-/;[8] Albanian: Kosova, [kɔsɔva] or Kosovë; Serbian Cyrillic: Косово) is a disputed territory[9][10] and partially recognised state[11][12] in Southeastern Europe that declared independence from Serbia in February 2008 as the Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Republika e Kosovës; Serbian: Република Косово/Republika Kosovo).

Question 15

weapons of mass destruction

Answer 15

A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a nuclear, radiological, chemical, biological or other weapon that can kill and bring significant harm to a large number of humans or cause great damage to human-made structures (e.g., buildings), natural structures (e.g., mountains), or the biosphere

Question 16

George W. Bush

Answer 16

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, he worked in the oil industry.

Question 17

Bill clinton

Answer 17

William Jefferson Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the Presidency he was the 40th Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and the state’s 42nd Governor from 1983 to 1992. Before that, he served as Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979

Question 18

NAFTA

Answer 18

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA; Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, TLCAN; French: Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALÉNA) is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994.[4] It superseded the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement between the U.S. and Canada.[5]

Question 19

welfare

Answer 19

Welfare is the provision of a minimal level of well-being and social support for citizens without current means to support basic needs. In most developed countries, welfare is largely provided by the government from tax income, and to a lesser extent by charities, informal social groups, religious groups, and inter-governmental organizations

Question 20

apartheid

Answer 20

Apartheid (ZA pronunciation: /əˈpɑːrteɪd/; Afrikaans: [aˈpartɦəit]) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa between 1948 and 1991.[1] Broadly speaking, apartheid was delineated into petty apartheid, which entailed the segregation of public facilities and social events, and grand apartheid, which dictated housing and employment opportunities by race.

Question 21

nelson mandela

Answer 21

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (/mænˈdɛlə/;[1] 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country’s first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election.

Question 22

congolese conflict

Answer 22

The First Congo War (1996–1997) was a foreign invasion of Zaire led by Rwanda that replaced President Mobutu Sésé Seko with the rebel leader Laurent-Désiré Kabila. Destabilization in eastern Zaire resulting from the Rwandan Genocide was the final factor that caused numerous internal and external factors to align against the corrupt and inept government in the capital, Kinshasa.

Question 23

hutu

Answer 23

The Hutu /ˈhuːtuː/, also known as the Abahutu, are a Bantu ethnic group native to African Great Lakes region of Africa, primarily area now under nda.

Question 24

tutsi

Answer 24

The Tutsi (/ˈtʊtsi/;[1] Rwanda-Rundi pronunciation: [tūtsī]), or Abatutsi, are a social class inhabiting the African Great Lakes region. A specific social order considered the highest of society status that also involved feudal or legal privileges within the Great Lakes region and beyond.

Question 25

kleptocracy

Answer 25

Kleptocracy (from Ancient Greek κλέπτης (kléptēs, “thief”), κλέπτω (kléptō, “steal”), from Proto-Indo-European *klep- (“to steal”); and from the Ancient Greek suffix -κρατία (-kratía), from κράτος (krátos, “power, rule”; klépto- thieves + -kratos rule, literally “rule by thieves”)[1][2] is a government with corrupt leaders (kleptocrats) that use their power to exploit the people and natural resources of their own territory in order to extend their personal wealth and political power

Question 26

new world order

Answer 26

The common theme in conspiracy theories about a New World Order is that a secretive power elite with a globalist agenda is conspiring to eventually rule the world through an authoritarian world government—which will replace sovereign nation-states—and an all-encompassing propaganda whose ideology hails the establishment of the New World Order as the culmination of history’s progress

Question 27

internet

Answer 27

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.

Question 28

soweto uprising

Answer 28

Students from numerous Sowetan schools began to protest in the streets of Soweto in response to the introduction of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction in local schools.[2] It is estimated that 20,000 students took part in the protests. They were met with fierce police brutality.

Question 29

Bantustans

Answer 29

A Bantustan (also known as Bantu homeland, black homeland, black state or simply homeland) was a territory set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia), as part of the policy of apartheid. Ten Bantustans were established in South Africa, and ten in neighbouring South West Africa (then under South African administration), for the purpose of concentrating the members of designated ethnic groups, thus making each of those territories ethnically homogeneous as the basis for creating “autonomous” nation states for South Africa’s different black ethnic groups.

Question 30

persian gulf war

Answer 30

The Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Shield (2 August 1990 – 17 January 1991) for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm (17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991) in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq’s invasion and annexation of Kuwait.

Question 31

helsinki accords

Answer 31

The Helsinki Accords, Helsinki Final Act, or Helsinki Declaration was the final act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe held in Finlandia Hall of Helsinki, Finland, during July and August 1, 1975. Thirty-five states, including the USA, Canada, and all European states except Albania and Andorra, signed the declaration in an attempt to improve relations between the Communist bloc and the West. The Helsinki Accords, however, were not binding as they did not have treaty status.[1

Question 32

EEC

Answer 32

The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation which aimed to bring about economic integration among its member states. It was created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957.[1] Upon the formation of the European Union (EU) in 1993, the EEC was incorporated and renamed as the European Community (EC). In 2009 the EC’s institutions were absorbed into the EU’s wider framework and the community ceased to exist.

Question 33

EEU

Answer 33

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)[note 1] is an economic union of states located primarily in northern Eurasia. A treaty aiming for the establishment of the EAEU was signed on 29 May 2014 by the leaders of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, and came into force on 1 January 2015.

Question 34

chaebols

Answer 34

A chaebol (/ˈtʃeɪbɒl/, Korean: 재벌, Korean: [tɕɛ̝bʌl] ( listen); from chae “wealth or property” + bol “faction or clan” – also written with the same Chinese characters 財閥 as Zaibatsu in Japan)[1] is a South Korean form of business conglomerate.

Question 35

corporation

Answer 35

A corporation is a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law. Early incorporated entities were established by charter (i.e. by an ad hoc act granted by a monarch or passed by a parliament or legislature). Most jurisdictions now allow the creation of new corporations through registration

Question 36

Tokyo Stock Exchange

Answer 36

The Tokyo Stock Exchange (東京証券取引所? Tōkyō Shōken Torihikijo), which is called Tōshō (東証?) or TSE/TYO for short, is a stock exchange located in Tokyo, Japan. It is the fourth largest stock exchange in the world by aggregate market capitalization of its listed companies, and largest in East Asia and Asia. It had 2,292 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of US$4.09 trillion as of April 2015.

Question 37

agglomerate

Answer 37

Agglomerates (from the Latin agglomerare meaning “to form into a ball”) are coarse accumulations of large blocks of volcanic material that contain at least 75% bombs. Volcanic bombs differ from volcanic blocks in that their shape records fluidal surfaces: they may, for example, have ropy, cauliform, scoriaceous, or folded, chilled margins and spindle,[clarification needed] spatter, ribbon, ragged, or amoeboid shapes.

Question 38

genocide

Answer 38

Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people (usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group) in whole or in part. The hybrid word “genocide” is a combination of the Greek word génos (“race, people”) and the Latin suffix -cide (“act of killing”).[1]

Question 39

deng xiaoping

Answer 39

Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese revolutionary and statesman. He was the paramount leader of the People’s Republic of China from 1978 until his retirement in 1989. After Chairman Mao Zedong’s death, Deng led his country through far-reaching market-economy reforms.

Question 40

african union

Answer 40

The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of all 55 countries on the African continent. It was established on 26 May 2001 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and launched on 9 July 2002 in South Africa,[4] with the aim of replacing the Organisation of African Unity (OAU)

Question 41

Free trade

Answer 41

Free trade is a policy followed by some international markets in which countries’ governments do not restrict imports from, or exports to, other countries. Free trade is exemplified by the European Economic Area and the Mercosur, which have established open markets.

Question 42

third world

Answer 42

The term “Third World” arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO, or the Communist Bloc. The United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Western European nations and their allies represented the First World, while the Soviet Union, China, Cuba, and their allies represented the Second World. This terminology provided a way of broadly categorizing the nations of the Earth into three groups based on political and economic divisions.

Question 43

maastritch traty

Answer 43

The Maastricht Treaty (formally, the Treaty on European Union or TEU) undertaken to integrate Europe was signed on 7 February 1992 by the members of the European Community in Maastricht, Netherlands.[1] On 9–10 December 1991, the same city hosted the European Council which drafted the treaty.[

Question 44

ECLAC

Answer 44

The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, known as ECLAC, UNECLAC or in Spanish CEPAL, is a United Nations regional commission to encourage economic cooperation. ECLAC includes 45 member States (20 in Latin America, 13 in the Caribbean and 12 from outside the region), and 13 associate members which are various non-independent territories, associated island countries and a commonwealth in the Caribbean. ECLAC publishes statistics covering the countries of the region[2] and makes cooperative agreements with nonprofit institutions.[3] ECLAC’s headquarters is in Santiago, Chile.

Question 45

1989 revolutions

Answer 45

The Revolutions of 1989 were part of a revolutionary wave in the late 1980s and early 1990s that resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond. The period is sometimes called the Autumn of Nations,[1][2][3][4][5] a play on the term “Spring of Nations” sometimes used to describe the Revolutions of 1848.

Question 46

ethnic cleansing

Answer 46

Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic or religious groups from a given territory by a more powerful ethnic group, with the intent of making it ethnically homogeneous.[1][page needed] The forces applied may be various forms of forced migration (deportation, population transfer), intimidation, as well as mass murder and genocidal rape.

Question 47

refugee

Answer 47

A refugee, generally speaking, is a displaced person who has been forced to cross national boundaries and who cannot return home safely (for more detail see legal definition). Such a person may be called an asylum seeker until granted refugee status by the contracting state or the UNHCR[2] if they formally make a claim for asylum.[