FF WILDLAND HANDBOOK Flashcards
1
Q
WORK TO REST RATIO
A
2:1
2
Q
Max time for fire shelter deployment
A
25 seconds or less
3
Q
LACES
A
Lookouts
Awareness
Comms
Escape Routes and Safety Zones
4
Q
5 Basic Communication Responsibilities
A
Briefings Debriefings Warnings Ack. Messages Questions
5
Q
4 Questions for an Order Given
A
Task to be performed?
Known Hazards?
Where do I go to be safe?
How do I get to this safe place?
6
Q
Wildland Human Hazards
A
Attitude Phy. Conditioning Training Levels Experience Fatigue Critical Stress Sickness Sanitation (Food)
7
Q
2 Rules for Unsafe Areas
A
Make it Safe
Avoid it
8
Q
Common Denominators of Fatal Fires
A
- Small Fires/Isolated parts of large fires
- Light fuels
- Chimneys, gullies, steep slopes
- Shift in wind direction or speed
- copters/tankers modifying fire behavior
9
Q
7 factors that kill teamwork
A
- Poor Communication
- cliques
- Poor work ethic
- Lack of Respect
- Complacency
- Blaming Others
- Selfishness
10
Q
Primary force behind changes in fire behavior
A
Wind, RH, Temp, Precip
11
Q
Layer of atmosphere closest to the ground
A
Troposphere
12
Q
Ultimate weather source
A
Sun
13
Q
4 Temperature Changing Factors
A
- Moisture/Pollution in the Air
- Angle between surface of the Earth and Sun
- Lag time between Solar radiation striking Earth and bent back
- Surface terrain and vegetation
14
Q
Passing warm front wind shift
A
45-90 degrees
15
Q
Cold front wind shift
A
<45->180 degrees
16
Q
Surface winds measured at
A
20 ft
17
Q
High pressure feature
A
Ridge
18
Q
Low pressure feature
A
Trough
19
Q
Thunderstorm life expectancy
A
<12 hours
20
Q
Relative Humidity defined
A
Ratio of water vapor in the air versus greatest amount possible at the same temp
21
Q
Most influential winds to flame front
A
Mid flame
22
Q
3 signs that a mature thunderstorm is producing down drafts
A
- base of clouds rolling
- Virga hangs under
- dust cloud on ground
23
Q
Every 20 degree increase in temp, RH decreases _______ point
A
1/2
24
Q
20 degree temp drop RH __________
A
Doubles
25
Dew point defined
100% air saturation
26
Air temp increases, dew point _________
Same
27
Change in temp caused by change in altitude (per 1000 ft)
Dry-5.5 degrees
| Moist- 3 degrees
28
3 types of inversions
Nighttime, marine, Subsidence
29
Stages of a Thunderstorm
Cumulus
Mature (Anvil)
Dissipating
30
Downdrafts extend _______ miles
10
31
Clouds by elevation
Cirro above 20,000
Alto 6500-20,000
Strato- < 6500
32
Steep Country good spot for fire line is ________
Ridges
33
Topo Factors on brush fires
Slope, aspect, shape of country, elevation, barriers, position of fire
34
Surface fuels up to _______ ft
6
35
1 HR fuels diameter
0-1/4”
36
10 HR fuels
1/4”- 1”
37
100 HR fuels
1”-3”
38
1000 HR fuels
>3”
39
Every ______ degree increase in temp fire _____ in speed
18, doubles
40
Fuels in shade up to ________ degree difference
50
41
3 wildland factors related to fuels
Moisture content
Size/shape
Fuel load
42
Flame length suppression decisions
<4 ft hand tools
4-8 ft Dozers/Engines/Air
8-11 ft- No head efforts
>11 ft major runs/ crown
43
5 mph wind = ______ % slope in increased behavior
50
44
7 Fire Environment Indicators
- Fuel Characteristics
- Fuel moisture
- Fuel Temp
- Topo/Aspect
- Wind
- Atmospheric Stability
- Fire Behavior
45
Crown spacing _____ ft or less will maintain crown fire
20
46
Third dimension defined
Plume grows vertically and affects fire behavior
47
Wind Driven Fire Characteristics
- Rapid ROS
- Long Range spotting
- Predictable spread
- Flanks may be safe to attack
- Wind shift major concern
48
Plume Driven Fire Characteristics
- Sudden increase in fire intensity
- Spot Fires in all directions
- Difficult to predict
- Downdrafts
49
______ volume of water cools ______ volumes of burning material
1, 300
50
Fireline width rule of thumb
1.5 times as wide as height of fuel
51
Backfire is considered ________ attack
Indirect
52
Strategy vs tactic
Strategy- overall plan to control fire
| Tactic- technique to accomplish strategy
53
Dispatch info for wildland fire
- Type of Fire
- Location
- Access
- Other resources responding
- Hazards
- Request #s
54
Over _____ ft flame is to hot for direct attack
4 ft
55
4 Direct Attack Methods
Flanking
Tandem
Pincer
Envelopement
56
M.I.S.T.
Minimum Impact Suppression Tactics
57
Fixed wing most effective during ________ attack
Initial
58
Limits to Aircraft
- Wind >20 mph
- Shadows
- Steep Terrain
- Tall Trees
- Power Lines
- Elevation
- Smoke
59
Primary function of Air Attack
Air Ops Safety
60
3 Fire Behavior Factors to track all the time
- Rate of Spread
- # of fire brands
- Length of heat (how long the fuel is burning)
61
90% of structures lost due to:
Lack of adequate brush clearance
62
Command Staff
PIO, Safety, Liaison
63
Only position required to be filled by ICS
IC
64
More than 5 Division assigned may need _______
Branch
65
OPS Chief implements the ________
IAP
66
Planning section functions
Resource, Situation, Documentation, Demob, Tech spec
67
Finance Section Functions
Time, procurement, compensation
68
Area Command
Oversee several incidents managed by several ICS teams
69
4 Components of Situational Awareness
- Learned Knowledge (training)
- Experience
- Understand Rules of Engagement
- intelligence (info gather)
70
Saying “NO”/Refusing Risk
```
Give alternatives
Violates safe work practices
Environmental hazards
Lack of Quals
Lack experience
Defective equip
```
71
WUI Watch outs
- Wood Construction (Shake)
- Bridge load limits
- poor access/narrow roads
- Evacuation
- Inadequate water
- fuel < 30 ft from structure
- structures in chimney or box canyon
- Steep 30% or greater
72
Map township
6 mile intervals North/South
73
Map Range
6 mile intervals East/west
74
Map Section
6x6 mile square
75
How to figure % of slope
Vertical dist/horizontal dist times 100
76
Risk versus hazard defined
Risk- “people” things that cause fires to start
| Hazards- flammable material in which the fire starts
77
Most critical part of a home
Roof covering
78
Bridge minimum rating recommended
40,000lbs
79
Rule of thumb Isolation Distances (HAZ MAT)
```
Minor- 150 ft
Residential/Commercial- 300 ft
Major- 500 ft
Open Area- 1000 ft
BLEVE- 2500 ft
```
80
D.E.C.I.D.E.
```
Detect
Estimate
Choose
ID Action Options
Do Best option
Evaluate Progress
```
81
Wildland Haz Mat Probability eval
```
Occupancy type
Container shape
Markings
Placards and labels
Shipping papers
Your senses
```
