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CAPTAINS EXAM > FF WILDLAND HANDBOOK > Flashcards

FF WILDLAND HANDBOOK Flashcards

1
Q

WORK TO REST RATIO

A

2:1

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2
Q

Max time for fire shelter deployment

A

25 seconds or less

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3
Q

LACES

A

Lookouts
Awareness
Comms
Escape Routes and Safety Zones

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4
Q

5 Basic Communication Responsibilities

A 
Briefings
Debriefings
Warnings
Ack. Messages
Questions
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5
Q

4 Questions for an Order Given

A

Task to be performed?
Known Hazards?
Where do I go to be safe?
How do I get to this safe place?

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6
Q

Wildland Human Hazards

A 
Attitude
Phy. Conditioning
Training Levels
Experience 
Fatigue
Critical Stress
Sickness
Sanitation (Food)
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7
Q

2 Rules for Unsafe Areas

A

Make it Safe

Avoid it

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8
Q

Common Denominators of Fatal Fires

A
  • Small Fires/Isolated parts of large fires
  • Light fuels
  • Chimneys, gullies, steep slopes
  • Shift in wind direction or speed
  • copters/tankers modifying fire behavior
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9
Q

7 factors that kill teamwork

A
  • Poor Communication
  • cliques
  • Poor work ethic
  • Lack of Respect
  • Complacency
  • Blaming Others
  • Selfishness
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10
Q

Primary force behind changes in fire behavior

A

Wind, RH, Temp, Precip

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11
Q

Layer of atmosphere closest to the ground

A

Troposphere

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12
Q

Ultimate weather source

A

Sun

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13
Q

4 Temperature Changing Factors

A
  • Moisture/Pollution in the Air
  • Angle between surface of the Earth and Sun
  • Lag time between Solar radiation striking Earth and bent back
  • Surface terrain and vegetation
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14
Q

Passing warm front wind shift

A

45-90 degrees

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15
Q

Cold front wind shift

A

<45->180 degrees

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16
Q

Surface winds measured at

A

20 ft

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17
Q

High pressure feature

A

Ridge

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18
Q

Low pressure feature

A

Trough

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19
Q

Thunderstorm life expectancy

A

<12 hours

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20
Q

Relative Humidity defined

A

Ratio of water vapor in the air versus greatest amount possible at the same temp

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21
Q

Most influential winds to flame front

A

Mid flame

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22
Q

3 signs that a mature thunderstorm is producing down drafts

A
  • base of clouds rolling
  • Virga hangs under
  • dust cloud on ground
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23
Q

Every 20 degree increase in temp, RH decreases _______ point

A

1/2

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24
Q

20 degree temp drop RH __________

A

Doubles

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25
Q

Dew point defined

A

100% air saturation

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26
Q

Air temp increases, dew point _________

A

Same

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27
Q

Change in temp caused by change in altitude (per 1000 ft)

A

Dry-5.5 degrees

Moist- 3 degrees

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28
Q

3 types of inversions

A

Nighttime, marine, Subsidence

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29
Q

Stages of a Thunderstorm

A

Cumulus
Mature (Anvil)
Dissipating

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30
Q

Downdrafts extend _______ miles

A

10

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31
Q

Clouds by elevation

A

Cirro above 20,000
Alto 6500-20,000
Strato- < 6500

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32
Q

Steep Country good spot for fire line is ________

A

Ridges

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33
Q

Topo Factors on brush fires

A

Slope, aspect, shape of country, elevation, barriers, position of fire

34
Q

Surface fuels up to _______ ft

A

6

35
Q

1 HR fuels diameter

A

0-1/4”

36
Q

10 HR fuels

A

1/4”- 1”

37
Q

100 HR fuels

A

1”-3”

38
Q

1000 HR fuels

A

> 3”

39
Q

Every ______ degree increase in temp fire _____ in speed

A

18, doubles

40
Q

Fuels in shade up to ________ degree difference

A

50

41
Q

3 wildland factors related to fuels

A

Moisture content
Size/shape
Fuel load

42
Q

Flame length suppression decisions

A

<4 ft hand tools
4-8 ft Dozers/Engines/Air
8-11 ft- No head efforts
>11 ft major runs/ crown

43
Q

5 mph wind = ______ % slope in increased behavior

A

50

44
Q

7 Fire Environment Indicators

A
  • Fuel Characteristics
  • Fuel moisture
  • Fuel Temp
  • Topo/Aspect
  • Wind
  • Atmospheric Stability
  • Fire Behavior
45
Q

Crown spacing _____ ft or less will maintain crown fire

A

20

46
Q

Third dimension defined

A

Plume grows vertically and affects fire behavior

47
Q

Wind Driven Fire Characteristics

A
  • Rapid ROS
  • Long Range spotting
  • Predictable spread
  • Flanks may be safe to attack
  • Wind shift major concern
48
Q

Plume Driven Fire Characteristics

A
  • Sudden increase in fire intensity
  • Spot Fires in all directions
  • Difficult to predict
  • Downdrafts
49
Q

______ volume of water cools ______ volumes of burning material

A

1, 300

50
Q

Fireline width rule of thumb

A

1.5 times as wide as height of fuel

51
Q

Backfire is considered ________ attack

A

Indirect

52
Q

Strategy vs tactic

A

Strategy- overall plan to control fire

Tactic- technique to accomplish strategy

53
Q

Dispatch info for wildland fire

A
  • Type of Fire
  • Location
  • Access
  • Other resources responding
  • Hazards
  • Request #s
54
Q

Over _____ ft flame is to hot for direct attack

A

4 ft

55
Q

4 Direct Attack Methods

A

Flanking
Tandem
Pincer
Envelopement

56
Q

M.I.S.T.

A

Minimum Impact Suppression Tactics

57
Q

Fixed wing most effective during ________ attack

A

Initial

58
Q

Limits to Aircraft

A
  • Wind >20 mph
  • Shadows
  • Steep Terrain
  • Tall Trees
  • Power Lines
  • Elevation
  • Smoke
59
Q

Primary function of Air Attack

A

Air Ops Safety

60
Q

3 Fire Behavior Factors to track all the time

A
  • Rate of Spread
  • # of fire brands
  • Length of heat (how long the fuel is burning)
61
Q

90% of structures lost due to:

A

Lack of adequate brush clearance

62
Q

Command Staff

A

PIO, Safety, Liaison

63
Q

Only position required to be filled by ICS

A

IC

64
Q

More than 5 Division assigned may need _______

A

Branch

65
Q

OPS Chief implements the ________

A

IAP

66
Q

Planning section functions

A

Resource, Situation, Documentation, Demob, Tech spec

67
Q

Finance Section Functions

A

Time, procurement, compensation

68
Q

Area Command

A

Oversee several incidents managed by several ICS teams

69
Q

4 Components of Situational Awareness

A
  • Learned Knowledge (training)
  • Experience
  • Understand Rules of Engagement
  • intelligence (info gather)
70
Q

Saying “NO”/Refusing Risk

A 
Give alternatives
Violates safe work practices
Environmental hazards
Lack of Quals
Lack experience
Defective equip
71
Q

WUI Watch outs

A
  • Wood Construction (Shake)
  • Bridge load limits
  • poor access/narrow roads
  • Evacuation
  • Inadequate water
  • fuel < 30 ft from structure
  • structures in chimney or box canyon
  • Steep 30% or greater
72
Q

Map township

A

6 mile intervals North/South

73
Q

Map Range

A

6 mile intervals East/west

74
Q

Map Section

A

6x6 mile square

75
Q

How to figure % of slope

A

Vertical dist/horizontal dist times 100

76
Q

Risk versus hazard defined

A

Risk- “people” things that cause fires to start

Hazards- flammable material in which the fire starts

77
Q

Most critical part of a home

A

Roof covering

78
Q

Bridge minimum rating recommended

A

40,000lbs

79
Q

Rule of thumb Isolation Distances (HAZ MAT)

A 
Minor- 150 ft
Residential/Commercial- 300 ft
Major- 500 ft
Open Area- 1000 ft
BLEVE- 2500 ft
80
Q

D.E.C.I.D.E.

A 
Detect
Estimate
Choose
ID Action Options
Do Best option
Evaluate Progress
81
Q

Wildland Haz Mat Probability eval

A 
Occupancy type
Container shape
Markings
Placards and labels
Shipping papers
Your senses

CAPTAINS EXAM (8 decks)

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