Fetal Morphological And Physio Flashcards
Period after birth of an infant up to 28 completed days after birth
NEONATAL PERIOD
Begins from 8 weeks after fertilization or 10 weeks after onset of last menses
FETAL PERIOD
Commences beginning of the 3rd week after ovulation and fertilization and lasts up to 8 weeks AOG
8 weeks period from the time of fertilization
10 weeks period from the time of the last menstrual cycle/ovulation
EMBRYONIC PERIOD
Fetus or embryo removed or expelled from uterus during the first half of gestation
20 weeks or less, or in the absence of accurate dating criteria, born weighing less than 500 grams
ABORTUS
The time elapsed since the last menstruation
Precedes fertilization/ovulation by 2 weeks
GESTATIONAL AGE/MENSTRUAL AGE
Measures the actual age of the embryo from the time of fertilization/ovulation
OVULATION AGE/POST CONCEPTIONSL AGE
Period beginning 20 weeks AOG and ending up to 28 completed days after birth
It is recommended that this period be defined as commencing at BW of 500 grams
PERINATAL PERIOD
Determining the age of the fetus
NAEGELE’S RULE
Measured from the superior to inferior pole of the fetus preferably in extended position
Used for 1st trimester
CROWN RUMP LENGTH
Measured at the outer to outer aspect of the skull at the level of the occipitofrontal plane
Used during the 2nd and 3rd trimester
BIPARIETAL DIAMETER (BPD)
Bitemporal diameter (greatest TRANSVERSE diameter of the head)
8 cm
Biparietal diameter
9.5 cm
Occipitomental diameter
12.5 cm
Occipitofrontal diameter (the plane that corresponds to the grgeatest CIRCUMFERENCE)
- 5 cm
34. 5 cm
Suboccipitobregmatic diameter(the plane that corresponds to the smallest circumference of the head)
9.5 cm
32 cm
FETAL CIRCULATION
From UMBILICAL VEIN ➡️ ductus venosus ➡️ inferior vena cava ➡️ right atrium ➡️ FORAMEN OVALE ➡️ left atrium ➡️ left ventricle ➡️ CEPHALIC SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
SUPERIOR VENA CAVE ➡️ right atrium ➡️ right ventricle ➡️ FETAL LUNGS ➡️ pulmonary artery ➡️ DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS ➡️ aorta ➡️ hypogastric arteries ➡️ umbilical arteries (supplying the lower part of the baby, lower extremities, abdomen
FETAL BLOOD VOLUME
125 ml/kg
Term = 80mlkg body weight
Placenta = 45 ml/kg body weight
FETAL HEMOGLOBIN
Hemoglobin F
Hemoglobin A (adult hgb)
Hemoglobin A2
3 shunts of fetal circulation
Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus
3 vessels of fetal circulation
2 ARTERIES
1 VEIN
(AVA)
Nucleated and have a shorter life span due to their large volume and are more speasily deformable
ERYTHROCYTES
Yolk sac (1st site of hematopoiesis, embryonic period
Liver takes over up to near term
Bone marrow starts at 4 months AOG and remains as the major site of blood formation during adulthood
HEMATOPOIESIS
Functionally closed within several minutes
Anatomically fused 1 year after birth
FORAMEN OVALE
Functionally closed by 10-12 hours after birth
Anatomically closed by 2-3 weeks
DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
