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PHYT 6222: Lifespan Development > Fetal/Maternal changes during gestation > Flashcards

Fetal/Maternal changes during gestation Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Gestational age in weeks
4 (embryo)

Fetal Size and Development

A

1/8 inch (4 mm.)

fertilized egg implants on endometrium of uterus: single chambered heart beating; cell differentiation occurs; susceptible to teratogens

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3
Q

Gestational age in weeks
4 (embryo)

Maternal Changes

A

basal body temperature remains elevated after ovulation; nausea/morning sickness(~50% have); fatigue; no menstruation or slight spotting; breasts feel tight and tingly; can have positive pregnancy test

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4
Q

Gestational age in weeks
8

Fetal Size and Development

A

1 inch (28 mm.)
1 gram

very rudimentary facial features forming; arm and leg buds; highly susceptible to teratogens; primitive functioning of systems; placenta and umbilical cord forming; head makes up nearly half of embryo’s length, genetic expression of sex differentiationbegins

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5
Q

Gestational age in weeks
8
Maternal Changes

A

morning sickness worse now; mucus plug forms in cervix; breasts larger; uterus softens; frequent urination

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6
Q

Gestational age in weeks
12 (fetus)

Fetal Size and Development

A

3 1/2” (9 cm) 1/2 oz. (15 gm.)

eyelids formed, closed; genitals forming; finger/ toe nails forming; fingers well developed; kicks legs, closes fingers, bends wrist, turns head; frowns, opens/ closes mouth; organ differentiation occurring

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7
Q

Gestational age in weeks
12 (fetus)

Maternal Changes

A

morning sickness lessens by end of month; bladder pressure lessens; fetal heart tones audible by Doppler

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8
Q

Gestational age in weeks
16

Fetal Size and Development

A

6 1/2” (16 cm.)
4 oz. (100 gm.)

functioning liver and thyroid gland; blood forming in marrow; hair forming on head; lanugo is forming; skeletal ossification occurs and is visible on x-ray (though x-ray should be avoided); fetus begins to moveabout freely; placenta formed completely

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9
Q

Gestational age in weeks
16

Maternal Changes

A

uterus contracts (but she is unable to feel); blood volume and cardiac output increases; quickening

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10
Q

Gestational age in weeks
20

Fetal Size and Development

A

10” (25 cm.)
10 oz. (300 gm)

vernix caseosa forms on skin; period of rapid growth; finger/toe nails are formed completely; favorite position to sleep in; periods of sleep/awake like newborn; blood supply to lungs increases

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11
Q

Gestational age in weeks
20

Maternal Changes

A

fetal heart tones clearly audible by stethoscope; definite “quickening” noticed by this point.

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12
Q

Gestational age in weeks
24

Fetal Size and Development

A

12” (30 cm.)
1 1/4 lbs. (600 gm.)

skin less transparent and and wrinkled; vernix continues to accumulate; body well proportioned; eyebrows/eyelashes developing; baby can hear sounds; baby stretches, kicks and sucks thumb

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13
Q

Gestational age in weeks
24

Maternal Changes

A

period of rapid weight gain; stretch marks; drop in hemoglobin; linea nigra forms but will disappear/lighten after delivery; chloasma will appear but disappears after delivery; we know these latter 2 events are due to hormonal influences, but it is unclear why they occur.

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14
Q

Gestational age in weeks
28

Fetal Size and Development

A

14” (35-37 cm.)
2 1/2 lbs. (1000 gm.)

testes begin to descend in male fetus; eyelids open; fingerprints set; storage of subcutaneous fat begins; rapid growth continues; bones are developed but are soft and flexible; lungs have matured enough tosupportrespirationoutside the uterus (barely, more on this later)

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15
Q

Gestational age in weeks
28

Maternal Changes

A

blood volume is highest at this stage; weight gain continues; breathing may be difficult at times; heartburn; Braxton-Hicks contractions are stronger

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16
Q

Gestational age in weeks
32

Fetal Size and Development

A

16” (40-42 cm.)
4 lbs. (1700-
1800 gm.)

greater subcutaneous fat; period of rapid growth; body covered with vernix; storage of iron, nitrogen, and other nutrients

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17
Q

Gestational age in weeks
32

Maternal Changes

A

pelvic joints begin to relax due to relaxin; stretch marks deepen; heartburn common

18
Q

Gestational age in weeks
36

Fetal Size and Development

A

18” (45-47 cm.)
5 lbs. (2000- 2500 gm.)

skin thicker and less wrinkled; subcutaneous fat accumulates; storage of maternal immunities from her past diseases

19
Q

Gestational age in weeks
36

Maternal Changes

A

shortness of breath; ankle swelling; frequent urination; varicose veins more pronounced; baby settles into final position in mom’s pelvis, usually head down

20
Q

Gestational age in weeks
(term 38-42 weeks)

Fetal Size and Development

A

18-22” (48-55 cm.)
7.5 lbs. (3400 gm.)

lanugo shed; body contours plump; cartilage in nose and ears well developed; male testes descended; less active since less room to move; finger and toe nails developed; eyes may have slate blue color–will have permanent color by age 3 mos. At birth: breathing rate is 35-50 b/min. and is rapid, shallow and abdominal; HR (heart rate) is 90-160 b/min, body temperature control is not well developed.

21
Q

Gestational age in weeks
(term 38-42 weeks)

Maternal Changes

A

weight loss of 2-3 lbs, 3-4 days before labor, so shoes and rings are less tight; nesting instinct; lightening occurs; this happens about 2 weeks before labor in 1st pregnancies, but right before labor in subsequent pregnancies; with it comes less shortness of breath but more frequent urination and hips get wobbly, so is hard for mom to move around

22
Q
A
23
Q

1/8 inch (4 mm.)

fertilized egg implants on endometrium of uterus: single chambered heart beating; cell differentiation occurs; susceptible to teratogens

A

Gestational age in weeks
4 (embryo)

Fetal Size and Development

24
Q

basal body temperature remains elevated after ovulation; nausea/morning sickness(~50% have); fatigue; no menstruation or slight spotting; breasts feel tight and tingly; can have positive pregnancy test

A

Gestational age in weeks
4 (embryo)

Maternal Changes

25
Q

1 inch (28 mm.)
1 gram

very rudimentary facial features forming; arm and leg buds; highly susceptible to teratogens; primitive functioning of systems; placenta and umbilical cord forming; head makes up nearly half of embryo’s length, genetic expression of sex differentiationbegins

A

Gestational age in weeks
8

Fetal Size and Development

26
Q

morning sickness worse now; mucus plug forms in cervix; breasts larger; uterus softens; frequent urination

A

Gestational age in weeks
8
Maternal Changes

27
Q

3 1/2” (9 cm) 1/2 oz. (15 gm.)

eyelids formed, closed; genitals forming; finger/ toe nails forming; fingers well developed; kicks legs, closes fingers, bends wrist, turns head; frowns, opens/ closes mouth; organ differentiation occurring

A

Gestational age in weeks
12 (fetus)

Fetal Size and Development

28
Q

morning sickness lessens by end of month; bladder pressure lessens; fetal heart tones audible by Doppler

A

Gestational age in weeks
12 (fetus)

Maternal Changes

29
Q

6 1/2” (16 cm.)
4 oz. (100 gm.)

functioning liver and thyroid gland; blood forming in marrow; hair forming on head; lanugo is forming; skeletal ossification occurs and is visible on x-ray (though x-ray should be avoided); fetus begins to moveabout freely; placenta formed completely

A

Gestational age in weeks
16

Fetal Size and Development

30
Q

uterus contracts (but she is unable to feel); blood volume and cardiac output increases; quickening

A

Gestational age in weeks
16

Maternal Changes

31
Q

10” (25 cm.)
10 oz. (300 gm)

vernix caseosa forms on skin; period of rapid growth; finger/toe nails are formed completely; favorite position to sleep in; periods of sleep/awake like newborn; blood supply to lungs increases

A

Gestational age in weeks
20

Fetal Size and Development

32
Q

fetal heart tones clearly audible by stethoscope; definite “quickening” noticed by this point.

A

Gestational age in weeks
20

Maternal Changes

33
Q

12” (30 cm.)
1 1/4 lbs. (600 gm.)

skin less transparent and and wrinkled; vernix continues to accumulate; body well proportioned; eyebrows/eyelashes developing; baby can hear sounds; baby stretches, kicks and sucks thumb

A

Gestational age in weeks
24

Fetal Size and Development

34
Q

period of rapid weight gain; stretch marks; drop in hemoglobin; linea nigra forms but will disappear/lighten after delivery; chloasma will appear but disappears after delivery; we know these latter 2 events are due to hormonal influences, but it is unclear why they occur.

A

Gestational age in weeks
24

Maternal Changes

35
Q

14” (35-37 cm.)
2 1/2 lbs. (1000 gm.)

testes begin to descend in male fetus; eyelids open; fingerprints set; storage of subcutaneous fat begins; rapid growth continues; bones are developed but are soft and flexible; lungs have matured enough tosupportrespirationoutside the uterus (barely, more on this later)

A

Gestational age in weeks
28

Fetal Size and Development

36
Q

blood volume is highest at this stage; weight gain continues; breathing may be difficult at times; heartburn; Braxton-Hicks contractions are stronger

A

Gestational age in weeks
28

Maternal Changes

37
Q

16” (40-42 cm.)
4 lbs. (1700-
1800 gm.)

greater subcutaneous fat; period of rapid growth; body covered with vernix; storage of iron, nitrogen, and other nutrients

A

Gestational age in weeks
32

Fetal Size and Development

38
Q

pelvic joints begin to relax due to relaxin; stretch marks deepen; heartburn common

A

Gestational age in weeks
32

Maternal Changes

39
Q

18” (45-47 cm.)
5 lbs. (2000- 2500 gm.)

skin thicker and less wrinkled; subcutaneous fat accumulates; storage of maternal immunities from her past diseases

A

Gestational age in weeks
36

Fetal Size and Development

40
Q

shortness of breath; ankle swelling; frequent urination; varicose veins more pronounced; baby settles into final position in mom’s pelvis, usually head down

A

Gestational age in weeks
36

Maternal Changes

41
Q

18-22” (48-55 cm.)
7.5 lbs. (3400 gm.)

lanugo shed; body contours plump; cartilage in nose and ears well developed; male testes descended; less active since less room to move; finger and toe nails developed; eyes may have slate blue color–will have permanent color by age 3 mos. At birth: breathing rate is 35-50 b/min. and is rapid, shallow and abdominal; HR (heart rate) is 90-160 b/min, body temperature control is not well developed.

A

Gestational age in weeks
(term 38-42 weeks)

Fetal Size and Development

42
Q

weight loss of 2-3 lbs, 3-4 days before labor, so shoes and rings are less tight; nesting instinct; lightening occurs; this happens about 2 weeks before labor in 1st pregnancies, but right before labor in subsequent pregnancies; with it comes less shortness of breath but more frequent urination and hips get wobbly, so is hard for mom to move around

A

Gestational age in weeks
(term 38-42 weeks)

Maternal Changes

PHYT 6222: Lifespan Development (5 decks)

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