Test 1: 3 mos - 18 mos Flashcards
Gross motor milestones: Rolling
Months 5-7: Rolls from prone to supine
Month 6-14: Rolls segmentally prone to supine and back, initiated by head, shoulder, or hips
Gross motor milestones: Crawling/Creeping
Month 7: Crawling emerges, able to assume quadruped on hands and knees
Months 7-10: Crawling/creeping, reciprocal creeping on all 4s
Months 10-11: Creeping, bear crawling
Months 10-12: Creeping over and around objects
Gross motor milestones: Sitting
Months 5-6: Begins to prop/support self in sitting momentarily, increased base of support (BOS). Protective extension to front emerging
Months 5-10: Sits alone, steadily, plays in sitting
Months 6-11: Transitions from sitting to quadruped, prone to sitting independently
Months 8-10: Sits well alone without support, narrowed BOS, full upright, transitions between “w” sitting, side sitting
Months 9-18: Transitions from supine to sitting through rolling over, pushing up to quadruped, then transitions into sitting through side-lying and side sitting
Variety is key!
Gross motor milestones: Standing
Months 3-4: Head in midline, bears some weight on legs, legs wide BOS
Months 5-10: Decreased need for support in standing, may support self in standing, bouncing in standing, continued wide BOS
Months 6-12: Pulls to standing at furniture
Months 8-9: Transitions to standing through 1/2 kneeling
Months 9-13: Transitions to standing without use of arms, can stand alone briefly
Gross motor milestones: Walking
Month 8: Cruises sideways with furniture/UE support
Months 8-18: Walks with 2 hand support
Months 9-10: Cruises around furniture, pivoting over LE
Months 9-17: TAKES INDEPENDENT STEPS
Months 10-14: Stoops and recovers in play (walking + 1 month)
Month 11: Walks with one hand held, increased independent stepping in cruising
Month 18: Stepping strategy for balance recovery, more confident in walking, narrowed BOS (walking + 6 months)
Gross motor milestones: Stairs
Months 8-14: Climbs up stairs on hands and knees
Months 15-16: Walks up stairs holding on to railing
Months 17-18: Walks down stairs holding on to railing
Months 12-20: Crawls/creeps backward down stairs
Fine motor milestones: Reaching
Months 3-4: Visually directed reaching
Month 4: Radially directed reaching in sitting
Month 5-6: independent supination/pronation of forearm
Months 6-7: Propped prone reaching, first on forearm, then on extended arm
Fine motor milestones: Grasp
Month 4: Able to grasp rattle if placed within ~3 inches of hand.
Months 3-7: Able to hold small object in each hand
Months 4-6: Hands are primarily open (grasp reflex integrates), able to grasp cube showing partial opposition.
Months 5-9: ulnar grasping used to rake/scoop object
Months 6-7: radial palmer grasp used for holding object
Months 7-12: fine pincer grasps emerging
Month 8: for lateral pincer,
Month 9: inferior pincer used
Month 10: pincer used
Month 12: fine pincer used
Social/Emotional milestones
Months 3-5: Secure attachment should form between child and consistent caregivers, smiles to get attention
Montsh 6-7: Activity and response to familiar people increases, likes to play/look at themselves in mirror
Months 8-9: Stranger danger emerges, looks when name is called
Months 10-11: performs for attention
Month 12: Follows simple commands
Months 13-18: peak separation distress/stranger danger
Practice play
One of Piaget’s stages of play
3 characteristics: unoccupied play, onlooker, and solitary
Unoccupied play: plays with own body or objects, stereotypical behaviors (mouth toys, banging things)
Onlooker play: Lowest level of social play, child watches someone else play
Solitary play: Play alone with a definite purpose/goal and ignores others in close proximity
Sensory milestones
Month 3: binocular vision emerges. Continues to develop over the next ~3 months
Month 4: infants can detect facial changes (smile vs frown)
Month 6: infant able to visually track object through midline
Binocular vision continues to mature until a child is ~2 years old!
Language milestones: Receptive language
Month 3: quiets to voice; smiles to person talking/gesturing
Month 6: turns to/stops activity when name is called; does previously learned task on verbal cue
Month 9: responds to ‘no’
Month 12: points to/looks at 3 objects, people, body parts named
Month 15: follows simple commands
Month 18: indicates ‘yes’/’no’ in response to questions
Language milestones: Expressive language
Months 4-5: vocalizes to get attention, babbles
Month 6: laughs appropriately; vocalizes to get return of object
Month 10: imitates familiar 2 syllable words “ma-ma, da-da”
Month 12: imitates 2 syllable words with syllable changes (baby, uh-oh) and familiar objects, first appropriate use of words emerge here.
Month 15: begins to indicatewants with words
Month 18: imitates environmental sounds during play; uses inflection when babbling, consistently uses single words to convey thoughts and desires
- Called “holophrases”
Vocables
specific sound patterns specific for that child, a word a child makes up for something, i.e. ‘baba’ for bottle, ‘mongo’ for grandma
Holophrases
1 word sentences that convey complete sentence, a child will say ‘milk’ for ‘I want milk’ or ‘‘go’’ for ‘I want to go’
