Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Flashcards

1
Q

______ dose related response relationship between the amount of alcohol consumed and clinical features of the syndrome

A

No known

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2
Q

True or False Binge drinking is less harmful than one drink per a day

A

False, binge drinking is more harmful

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3
Q

Maternal and fetal risk factors

A
  • advancing maternal age
  • increased parity
  • poor maternal nutritional status
  • mothers of African american or Native American descent
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4
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome effects of fetus

A
  • IUGR
  • increased rates of malformation
  • chronic fetal hypoxia
  • associated with birth defects, mental retardation and lifelong disabling behavioral problems
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5
Q

Clinical findings in FAS

A
  1. IUGR and postnatal growth restriction
  2. CNS abnormalities
  3. microcephaly
  4. structural brain abnormalities
  5. developmental delays
  6. retardation
  7. poor motor control
  8. attention deficits
  9. hyperactivity
  10. muscle weakness
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6
Q

Specific Facial dysmorphology in FAS

A

Underdeveloped philtrum

thin upper lip

flat midface

short or upturned nose

ear anomalies

short palpebral fissures

micrognathia

epicanthal folds

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7
Q

Children with FAS

A
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8
Q

Diagnostic criteria for FAS

A
  • confirmed maternal alcohol exposure
  • characteristic pattern of facial anomalies
  • evidence of growth retardation (LBW, decelerating weight over time, low weight compared to height)
  • Evidence of CNS neurodevelopmental abnormalities
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9
Q

Diagnostic criteria for Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder

A
  • evidence of CNS neurodevelopmental abnormalities any one of the following:
    1. decreased cranial size at birth
    2. structural brain abnormalities
    3. neurological hard or soft signs

and/or

-evidence of a complex pattern of behavior or cognitive abnormalities that are inconsistent with developmental level

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10
Q

Management of FAS

A
  • Evaluation of growth and nurtrition
  • management of medical problems related to birth defects
  • identification of medical issues as they occur
  • educational evaluation and support
  • initiation of community resources
  • maternal and family help
  • monitoring of siblings
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11
Q

Alcohol related birth defects

Cardiac

A

Atrial septal defect, Ventricular Septal Defect, aberrant great vessels, Tetralogy of Fallot

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12
Q

Alcohol related birth defects

skeletal

A

hypoplastic nails

shortened fifth digit

radioulnar synostosis

flexion contractures

camptodactyly

clinodactyly

pectus excavatum and carinatum

-Klippel -Feil syndrome

hemivertebrae

scoliosis

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13
Q

Alcohol related birth defects

Renal

A

ureteral duplications

horseshoe kidneys

aplastic, dysplastic and hypoplastic kidneys

hydronephrosis

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14
Q

Alcohol related birth defects

Ocular

A

Strabiscus

retinal vascular abnormalities

refractive problems secondary to small globes

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15
Q

Alcohol related birth defects

Other

A

-virtually every malformation has been described in some patient with FAS-etiology specificity remains uncertain

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16
Q
A