Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Flashcards
______ dose related response relationship between the amount of alcohol consumed and clinical features of the syndrome
No known
True or False Binge drinking is less harmful than one drink per a day
False, binge drinking is more harmful
Maternal and fetal risk factors
- advancing maternal age
- increased parity
- poor maternal nutritional status
- mothers of African american or Native American descent
Fetal alcohol syndrome effects of fetus
- IUGR
- increased rates of malformation
- chronic fetal hypoxia
- associated with birth defects, mental retardation and lifelong disabling behavioral problems
Clinical findings in FAS
- IUGR and postnatal growth restriction
- CNS abnormalities
- microcephaly
- structural brain abnormalities
- developmental delays
- retardation
- poor motor control
- attention deficits
- hyperactivity
- muscle weakness
Specific Facial dysmorphology in FAS
Underdeveloped philtrum
thin upper lip
flat midface
short or upturned nose
ear anomalies
short palpebral fissures
micrognathia
epicanthal folds
Children with FAS
Diagnostic criteria for FAS
- confirmed maternal alcohol exposure
- characteristic pattern of facial anomalies
- evidence of growth retardation (LBW, decelerating weight over time, low weight compared to height)
- Evidence of CNS neurodevelopmental abnormalities
Diagnostic criteria for Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder
- evidence of CNS neurodevelopmental abnormalities any one of the following:
1. decreased cranial size at birth
2. structural brain abnormalities
3. neurological hard or soft signs
and/or
-evidence of a complex pattern of behavior or cognitive abnormalities that are inconsistent with developmental level
Management of FAS
- Evaluation of growth and nurtrition
- management of medical problems related to birth defects
- identification of medical issues as they occur
- educational evaluation and support
- initiation of community resources
- maternal and family help
- monitoring of siblings
Alcohol related birth defects
Cardiac
Atrial septal defect, Ventricular Septal Defect, aberrant great vessels, Tetralogy of Fallot
Alcohol related birth defects
skeletal
hypoplastic nails
shortened fifth digit
radioulnar synostosis
flexion contractures
camptodactyly
clinodactyly
pectus excavatum and carinatum
-Klippel -Feil syndrome
hemivertebrae
scoliosis
Alcohol related birth defects
Renal
ureteral duplications
horseshoe kidneys
aplastic, dysplastic and hypoplastic kidneys
hydronephrosis
Alcohol related birth defects
Ocular
Strabiscus
retinal vascular abnormalities
refractive problems secondary to small globes
Alcohol related birth defects
Other
-virtually every malformation has been described in some patient with FAS-etiology specificity remains uncertain