Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)

Question 1

______ dose related response relationship between the amount of alcohol consumed and clinical features of the syndrome

Answer 1

No known

Question 2

True or False Binge drinking is less harmful than one drink per a day

Answer 2

False, binge drinking is more harmful

Question 3

Maternal and fetal risk factors

Answer 3

• advancing maternal age
• increased parity
• poor maternal nutritional status
• mothers of African american or Native American descent

Question 4

Fetal alcohol syndrome effects of fetus

Answer 4

• IUGR
• increased rates of malformation
• chronic fetal hypoxia
• associated with birth defects, mental retardation and lifelong disabling behavioral problems

Question 5

Clinical findings in FAS

Answer 5

1. IUGR and postnatal growth restriction
2. CNS abnormalities
3. microcephaly
4. structural brain abnormalities
5. developmental delays
6. retardation
7. poor motor control
8. attention deficits
9. hyperactivity
10. muscle weakness

Question 6

Specific Facial dysmorphology in FAS

Answer 6

Underdeveloped philtrum

thin upper lip

flat midface

short or upturned nose

ear anomalies

short palpebral fissures

micrognathia

epicanthal folds

Question 7

Children with FAS

Question 8

Diagnostic criteria for FAS

Answer 8

• confirmed maternal alcohol exposure
• characteristic pattern of facial anomalies
• evidence of growth retardation (LBW, decelerating weight over time, low weight compared to height)
• Evidence of CNS neurodevelopmental abnormalities

Question 9

Diagnostic criteria for Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Answer 9

• evidence of CNS neurodevelopmental abnormalities any one of the following:
  1. decreased cranial size at birth
  2. structural brain abnormalities
  3. neurological hard or soft signs

and/or

-evidence of a complex pattern of behavior or cognitive abnormalities that are inconsistent with developmental level

Question 10

Management of FAS

Answer 10

• Evaluation of growth and nurtrition
• management of medical problems related to birth defects
• identification of medical issues as they occur
• educational evaluation and support
• initiation of community resources
• maternal and family help
• monitoring of siblings

Question 11

Alcohol related birth defects

Cardiac

Answer 11

Atrial septal defect, Ventricular Septal Defect, aberrant great vessels, Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 12

Alcohol related birth defects

skeletal

Answer 12

hypoplastic nails

shortened fifth digit

radioulnar synostosis

flexion contractures

camptodactyly

clinodactyly

pectus excavatum and carinatum

-Klippel -Feil syndrome

hemivertebrae

scoliosis

Question 13

Alcohol related birth defects

Renal

Answer 13

ureteral duplications

horseshoe kidneys

aplastic, dysplastic and hypoplastic kidneys

hydronephrosis

Question 14

Alcohol related birth defects

Ocular

Answer 14

Strabiscus

retinal vascular abnormalities

refractive problems secondary to small globes

Question 15

Alcohol related birth defects

Other

Answer 15

-virtually every malformation has been described in some patient with FAS-etiology specificity remains uncertain