Fertilization and Early Development

Question 1

LH

Answer 1

Lutenizing Hormone

Increase in LH triggers ovulation

Question 2

FSH

Answer 2

Follicle stimulating hormone

Increase in FSH promotes formation/maturation of the ovum

Question 3

Zona pellucida

Answer 3

Glycoprotein layer surrounding ovum/ zygote

Prevents polyspermy

Question 4

Spermatogenesis

Answer 4

Formation of sperm

Question 5

Spermiogenesis

Answer 5

Maturation of sperm

Question 6

Capacitation

Answer 6

Reaction that is triggered/occurs in female genital tract

Required for fertilization

Question 7

Zona reaction

Answer 7

Upon binding of sperm to ZP, the ZP undergoes a reaction that changes the characteristics of the ZP to prevent any more sperm from entering

Question 8

Morula

Answer 8

16 cell stage

Surrounded by ZP

Question 9

Compaction

Answer 9

Cells in the morula flatten to maximize contact between them

Accomplished by: cell adhesion molecules, gap junctions, tight junctions

Question 10

Syncytiotrophoblast

Answer 10

Invasive part of the trophoblast

Question 11

Ectopic pregnancy

Answer 11

Fetus develops outside of the uterus (blastocyst implants in inappropriate location)

Question 12

3 types of ectopic pregnancy

Answer 12

1. Uterine tube
2. On ovary
3. Near cervix

Question 13

Placenta privia

Answer 13

Blastocyst implants near the cervix; placenta covers the cervix
Must deliver baby before going into labor by C-section

Question 14

3 layers of inner cell mass

Answer 14

1. Endoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Ectoderm

Question 15

2 types of folding in trilaminar embryo

Answer 15

1. Longitudinal

2. Transverse

Question 16

2 functions of estrogen

Answer 16

1. Stimulates thickening of the endometrium of the uterus

2. Signals to the pituitary to start secreting FSH and LH

Question 17

2 layers of inner cell mass

Answer 17

1. Epiblast

2. Hypoblast