Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Situs inversus
Mirror image of all vicera
Caused by leftward loop of the heart tube
3 components of embryonic vascular system
- Umbilical circulation
- Vitelline system
- Cardinal systems
Umbilical circulation
Brings blood to and from the placenta
Vitelline system
Brings blood to and from the yolk sac
Cardinal system
Brings blood to embryo proper
Anastomes
Connection created by tubular structures (i.e blood vessels)
Ductus venosus
Connects left umbilical vein and right vitelline vein
Supracardinal system becomes ______ and leaves its legacy as ________
Hemizygous vein, azygous vein
Brachiocephalic vein
Allow left sided vessels to drain into SVC and then right side of the heart
Right horn of sinus venosus becomes _____ in mature heart
Incorporated into body of right atrium
Sinoatrial ring becomes _______ in mature heart
Contributes to sinus node
Left horn of sinus venosus becomes _______ in mature heart
Coronary sinus
Fate of 1st aortic arch
Regresses completely
Fate of 2nd aortic arch
Regresses completely
Fate of 5th aortic arch
Never forms
Fate of 3rd aortic arch
Common and internal carotid arteries
Fate of 4th aortic arch
L: arch of aorta
R: right subclavian artery
Fate of 6th aortic arch
L: proximal pulmonary artery, ductus venosus
R: regresses
Dominant ventricle in fetal life
Right
Site of oxygenation in the fetus
Placenta
Ventricles are working in _______ during fetal life
Parallel
Systemic pressure in fetal life is
Low
In fetal life, the left and right sides of circulation communicate through:
- Foramen ovale
2. Ductus arteriosus
Oxygen tension in the fetal heart is
Very low
Ductus dependent conditions
- Pulmonic stenosis
- Preductal coarctation of the aorta
- Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
TAPVC
Connection between the left atrium and common pulmonary vein fails to develop or becomes atretic
Persistent truncus arteriosus communis
Aplasia of the conal, truncal, and sometimes aorticopulmonary septum
Vascular ring
Trachea and esophagus are encircled and partially obstructed
PDA
Ductus arteriosus fails to constrict at the time of birth
Coarctation of the aorta
Narrowing in the descending aorta which obstructs flow
3 types of coarctation of the aorta
- Juxtaductal
- Preductal
- Postductal
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome consists of:
- Mitral atresia
- Aortic atresia
- Both
TGA
Aorta arises from the right ventricle and pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle
Balloon atrial septostomy
Non-operative
ASD is created to allow mixing of saturated and desaturated blood
Tricuspid atresia
No opening exists in the tricuspid valve
Blood> RA > LA > LV
Interventricular foramen in mature heart
Aortic vestibule
4 important steps below the heart in systemic venous system development
- Liver begins developing
- Oxygenated blood to ductus venosus
- Subcardinal system arises
- Supracardinal system establishes anastomoses with other venous networks
Brachiocephalic vein
Allows left-sided vessels to drain into the SVC and then right side of the heart
Right horn of sinous venosus in mature heart
Incorporated into body of right atrium
Sinoatrial ring in mature heart
Sinus node
Left horn of sinus venosus in mature heart
Coronary sinus
L-TGA
Primary heart tube loops to the left rather than the right resulting in ventricular inversion
Situs inversus
Develop with all viscera in L to R orientation
3 types of ASD
- Ostium secundum
- Ostium primum
- Sinus venosus
4 types of VSD
- Membranous
- Supracristal
- Posterior located
- Muscular
4 features of complete AV canal
- Ostium primum ASD
- Posteriorly located VSD
- Abnormal mitral/ tricuspid valve
- Single common AV valve (incompetent)
Cause of TOF
Result of malposition if conal septum so that it unequally partitions the outflow tract of the heart leading to small pulmonary outflow tract and large aorta
Cause of DORV
Cono-truncal region of the heart fails to shift medially as its being partitioned – outflow to the aorta and lungs continues to be from the right ventricle
Cause of PTAC
Aplasia of the truncal, conal, and sometimes aoricopulmoanary septum
Cause of AP window
Aorticopulmonary septum is missing
Cause of pulmonic stenosis
Excessive fusion of the pulmonary valve cusps
Dysplasia of valve tissue
Cause of TAPVC
Connection between the LA and common pulmonary vein fails to develop or becomes atretic
