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Embryology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Situs inversus

A

Mirror image of all vicera

Caused by leftward loop of the heart tube

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2
Q

3 components of embryonic vascular system

A
  1. Umbilical circulation
  2. Vitelline system
  3. Cardinal systems
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3
Q

Umbilical circulation

A

Brings blood to and from the placenta

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4
Q

Vitelline system

A

Brings blood to and from the yolk sac

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5
Q

Cardinal system

A

Brings blood to embryo proper

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6
Q

Anastomes

A

Connection created by tubular structures (i.e blood vessels)

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7
Q

Ductus venosus

A

Connects left umbilical vein and right vitelline vein

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8
Q

Supracardinal system becomes ______ and leaves its legacy as ________

A

Hemizygous vein, azygous vein

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9
Q

Brachiocephalic vein

A

Allow left sided vessels to drain into SVC and then right side of the heart

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10
Q

Right horn of sinus venosus becomes _____ in mature heart

A

Incorporated into body of right atrium

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11
Q

Sinoatrial ring becomes _______ in mature heart

A

Contributes to sinus node

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12
Q

Left horn of sinus venosus becomes _______ in mature heart

A

Coronary sinus

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13
Q

Fate of 1st aortic arch

A

Regresses completely

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14
Q

Fate of 2nd aortic arch

A

Regresses completely

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15
Q

Fate of 5th aortic arch

A

Never forms

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16
Q

Fate of 3rd aortic arch

A

Common and internal carotid arteries

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17
Q

Fate of 4th aortic arch

A

L: arch of aorta
R: right subclavian artery

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18
Q

Fate of 6th aortic arch

A

L: proximal pulmonary artery, ductus venosus
R: regresses

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19
Q

Dominant ventricle in fetal life

A

Right

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20
Q

Site of oxygenation in the fetus

A

Placenta

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21
Q

Ventricles are working in _______ during fetal life

A

Parallel

22
Q

Systemic pressure in fetal life is

A

Low

23
Q

In fetal life, the left and right sides of circulation communicate through:

A
  1. Foramen ovale

2. Ductus arteriosus

24
Q

Oxygen tension in the fetal heart is

A

Very low

25
Q

Ductus dependent conditions

A
  1. Pulmonic stenosis
  2. Preductal coarctation of the aorta
  3. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
26
Q

TAPVC

A

Connection between the left atrium and common pulmonary vein fails to develop or becomes atretic

27
Q

Persistent truncus arteriosus communis

A

Aplasia of the conal, truncal, and sometimes aorticopulmonary septum

28
Q

Vascular ring

A

Trachea and esophagus are encircled and partially obstructed

29
Q

PDA

A

Ductus arteriosus fails to constrict at the time of birth

30
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

Narrowing in the descending aorta which obstructs flow

31
Q

3 types of coarctation of the aorta

A
  1. Juxtaductal
  2. Preductal
  3. Postductal
32
Q

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome consists of:

A
  1. Mitral atresia
  2. Aortic atresia
  3. Both
33
Q

TGA

A

Aorta arises from the right ventricle and pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle

34
Q

Balloon atrial septostomy

A

Non-operative

ASD is created to allow mixing of saturated and desaturated blood

35
Q

Tricuspid atresia

A

No opening exists in the tricuspid valve

Blood> RA > LA > LV

36
Q

Interventricular foramen in mature heart

A

Aortic vestibule

37
Q

4 important steps below the heart in systemic venous system development

A
  1. Liver begins developing
  2. Oxygenated blood to ductus venosus
  3. Subcardinal system arises
  4. Supracardinal system establishes anastomoses with other venous networks
38
Q

Brachiocephalic vein

A

Allows left-sided vessels to drain into the SVC and then right side of the heart

39
Q

Right horn of sinous venosus in mature heart

A

Incorporated into body of right atrium

40
Q

Sinoatrial ring in mature heart

A

Sinus node

41
Q

Left horn of sinus venosus in mature heart

A

Coronary sinus

42
Q

L-TGA

A

Primary heart tube loops to the left rather than the right resulting in ventricular inversion

43
Q

Situs inversus

A

Develop with all viscera in L to R orientation

44
Q

3 types of ASD

A
  1. Ostium secundum
  2. Ostium primum
  3. Sinus venosus
45
Q

4 types of VSD

A
  1. Membranous
  2. Supracristal
  3. Posterior located
  4. Muscular
46
Q

4 features of complete AV canal

A
  1. Ostium primum ASD
  2. Posteriorly located VSD
  3. Abnormal mitral/ tricuspid valve
  4. Single common AV valve (incompetent)
47
Q

Cause of TOF

A

Result of malposition if conal septum so that it unequally partitions the outflow tract of the heart leading to small pulmonary outflow tract and large aorta

48
Q

Cause of DORV

A

Cono-truncal region of the heart fails to shift medially as its being partitioned – outflow to the aorta and lungs continues to be from the right ventricle

49
Q

Cause of PTAC

A

Aplasia of the truncal, conal, and sometimes aoricopulmoanary septum

50
Q

Cause of AP window

A

Aorticopulmonary septum is missing

51
Q

Cause of pulmonic stenosis

A

Excessive fusion of the pulmonary valve cusps

Dysplasia of valve tissue

52
Q

Cause of TAPVC

A

Connection between the LA and common pulmonary vein fails to develop or becomes atretic

Embryology (10 decks)

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