Femur Flashcards
What is the depression of head of femur called ? What is it for?
- Fovea capitis
- For attachment of ligament of head (part of the blood supply to head of femur from obturatorory artery is conveyed along this and enters the bone at fovea)
Which is the longest, Strongest and heaviest bone of our body?
Femur
Superior and inferior attachment of femur?
Superior - acetabulum of hipbone (hipjoint)
Inferior -
patella (patellofemoral joint)
Tibia (tibiafemoral joint or knee joint)
Linea aspera is on whoch side of femur?
Back side (posterior view)
In children, Head and neck of femur are separated by?
Cartilage of epiphysial line (growth plate)
(Cartilages are avascular)
Arterial supply to head and neck of femur?
Head
Through ligamentum teres (through fovea capitis) via a branch of obturator artery
Neck
Supplied by circumflex artery that come from femoral artery
In adulthood the arterial supply to head of femur?
In adulthood the growth plate fuse together and no more cartilage there the artery that comes through ligamentum teres obliterates so both head and neck supplied by - circumflex arteries that come from femoral artery
The line between greater and lesser trochanter?
Intertrochanteric line
Where is quadrate tubercle in femur and what is it for?
On the proximal side of intertrochanteric crest and it is for quadratus femoris(small lateral rotators of hip)
Landmark of posterior side of shaft of femur?
- Pectineal line (pectineus muscle)
- Gluteal tuberosity (gluteus maximus)
- Linea aspera (for hamstrings muscles)
- Popliteal fossa (popliteus muscle)
- Medial and lateral supracondylar ridges
- Adductor tubercle (adductor magnus) - (near medial epicondyl)
- Medial epicondyl and lateral epicondyl
- Trochlear fossa/ patellar surface (on anterior)
Linea aspera is formed by convergence of which 2 landmarks?
Pectineal line and gluteal tuberosity
Adductor magnus is on which aspect?
Medial aspect near medial epicondyl of femur
Between lateral and medial epicondyl is (on posterior surface)?
Intercondylar fossa
The trochlear groove/ patellar surface is on which side of femur?
On anterior side
Intercondylar fossa is present on which side? And what is it important for?
On posterior
For attachment of anterior and posterior crucial ligaments;
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
attaches to the medial aspect of the lateral condyle
posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
to the lateral aspect of the medial condyle.
What are femoral angles?
There are 2 angles of femur.
1.Angle of inclination
2.Angle of torsion
What is angle of inclination?
Between the line that’s going down;
Shaft of femur
Neck of femur
Typically btw (125°)
Coxa valga - >125°
Coxa vera - <125°
What is femoral angle of torsion/ femoral neck anteversion/ angle of declination?
The femoral angle of torsion is the angle between the;
long axis of the femoral neck and the
femoral condyles
Normal angles **(10°-15°)
Femoral anteversion = >15°
Femoral retroversion =<10°
A large angle of anteversion causes?
Intoeing in children
when a child walks or runs, the feet turn inward instead of pointing straight ahead
Pigeon toed
Difference between in-toeing and out-toeing?
Intoeing
Intoeing is when the feet point inward instead of straight, and is often called being “pigeon toed.”
Cause: femoral anteversion
Outtoeing
Outtoeing means the feet point outward instead of straight, a condition often called “duck feet.
Cause: femoral retroversion
The boney ridges that connect the 2 trochanters?
two bony ridges connecting the two trochanters;
1. intertrochanteric line (anteriorly)
2. intertrochanteric crest (posteriorly).
Neck is set on an angle of ______ to the shaft?
125° in adult
160° in young
What is avulsion fracture?
An avulsion fracture is a type of fracture where a tendon or ligament pulls a piece of bone away from the rest of the bone.
Position of greater and lesser trochanter?
Greater trochanter
Lateral to neck
Lesser trochanter
Posteromedial side of femur
Just inferior to neck-shaft junction
Muscles that attach to greater trochanter?
Attach
muscles in the gluteal region;
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus piriformis.
Originate
vastus lateralis
Avulsion fracture of the greater trochanter is caused by?
forceful contraction of the gluteus medius.
Avulsion fracture of the lesser trochanter is caused by?
Forceful contraction of
Iliopsoas
When intertrochanteric line passes posterior to lesser tubercle it is known as?
Pectineal line
Intertronchanteric Iine is the site of attachment of which ligament?
ileofemoral ligament
Which is the strongest ligament of hip joint?
Iliofemoral ligament
Position of intertrochanteric line and intertrochanteric crest?
intertrochanteric line
Front of femur
intertrochanteric crest
Posterior of femur
The rounded tubercle on superior half of intertrochanteric crest is called?
Quadrate tubercle;
where quadratus femoris attaches.
What happens in fractures of neck of femur?
The distal fragment is typically pulled upwards and rotated laterally. This manifests clinically as a shortened andexternally rotatedlower limb.
Fractures of neck of femur can be classified into what groups?
In 2 groups:
Intracapsular–occurs within thecapsuleof the hip joint.
It can damage the medialfemoral circumflex artery –and cause avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
Extracapsular–the blood supply to the head of femur isintact, so avascular necrosis is a rare complication.
What lies between lateral and medial supracondylar lines?
Flat popliteal surface
Name the parts of linea aspera?
Proximally
Pectineal line - medial
Gluteal tuberosity - lateral
Gluteal maximus attaches
Distally
Lateral supracondylar line
Medial supracondylar line
(Ends at adductor tubercle -adductor magnus attaches
What happens in fracture of femoral shaft?
They can often occur as aspiralfracture, which causes legshortening.
The loss of leg length is due the bony fragments overriding, pulled by their attached muscles.
Neurovascular structures at risk include thefemoral nerveand artery
The patellar surface of femur which articulates with patella is on which side?
Anterior
Which of the two epicondyles is larger?
Medial
What serves as the anterior attachment of the hip joint capsule
Intertrochanteric line
Damage to which artery is MOST likely to cause avascular necrosis of the femoral head?
The medial circumflex femoral artery is responsible for the majority of the arterial supply (the lateral circumflex femoral artery has to penetrate through the thick iliofemoral ligament).
Damage to the medial circumflex femoral artery can result in avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
Gluteal tuberosity is on the posterior surface below _______ trochanter?
Greater
Difference between coxa valga and coxa vara?
coxa valga
Increase in the normal angle of 125° (between neck and shaft of femur)
Adduction of hip joint is limited
coxa vara
<125°
Abduction of hip joint is limited
