Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrinology > Female Sex Hormones > Flashcards

Female Sex Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What do ovaries do?

A

Gametogenesis and steroidofenesis (estrogens and androgens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s midgestion?

A

It’s peak mitosis of oocytes (ie; egg formation) - 7 million eggs are made but maturation doesn’t take place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

At birth how many eggs does a female have?

A

2 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many eggs does a female have at puberty

A

400,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many eggs undergo ovulation?

A

400

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens in the granulosa cell?

A

Fluid production accumulates. The fluid is known as Antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the follicular fluid consist of?

A

Ovarian steroids, growth factors, electrolytes and cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does ovulation occur?

A

It’s stimulated by an increase in LH secretion. Follicular walls thin. Granulosa cells activate plasminogen by secreting plasmin from the plasminogen and collagenase. This breaks down the follicular wall which releases ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the collapsed walls of the follicle called?

A

Corpus Luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are luteal cells?

A

Granulosa and thecal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How long is the corpus luteum functional for?

A

14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are estrogens that are produced?

A

Estradiol: most potent and abundant (granulosa, luteal and thecal cells)

Estriol: less abundant and potent (in the liver, estrone and estradiol is converted to estrone

Estrone: least potent (predominant in postmenopause)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the ovarian hormones?

A

Estrogens, progestin and androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are progestins produced?

A

Progesterone (produced in all ovary cells)
And
17-a-hydroxyprogestrone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are androgens produced ?

A

Dehydrotestosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are ovarian substances that are produced

A

Peptides (inhibin, activin and relaxin)

Growth factors (insulin like growth factor 1 and transforming growth factor)

Paracrine factors (cytokines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do thecal cells do?

A

They produce small quantities of estrogen (mainly androgens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do granulosa cells do?

A

They aromatize androgens (convert androgens to estrogen) and produce progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

LH binds to what cells

A

Thecal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

FSH binds to what cells?

A

Granulosa cells

21
Q

What does LH and FSH ultimately do?

A

Increase estrogen production

22
Q

How are ovarian hormones transported in blood?

A

They’re carried by plasma proteins (SHBG, albumin and free form)

23
Q

How are ovarian hormones metabolized?

A

They’re degraded in the liver and excreted in liver

24
Q

Explain the positive feedback mechanism for estrogen

A

During the late follicular stage, estradiol production increases, which leads to an increase in LH response to GnRH. An increase in estradiol and progesterone production leads to an increase in GnRH, LH and FSH secretion

25
Q

What’s the negative feedback loop of estrogen?

A

During the luteal phase, estradiol production increases which decreases GnRH, LH, and FSH secretion

26
Q

What do thecal cells produce?

A

Estrogen

27
Q

What do granulosa cells secrete?

A

Estrogen and progestins

28
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Develops follicle and leads to estrogen synthesis, and promotes the proliferative phase of the uterus

29
Q

What does LH do

A

Stimulates ovulation and the develop,net of the corpus luteum, leading to the production of progesterone, and thus, the secretory phase of the uterus

30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of steroid hormones?

A

Steroid enters the cell, and heat shock proteins bound to receptor dissociates so S-receptor binds and this complex acts as a transcription factor to modify mRNA and protein synthesis

31
Q

What does estrogen do?

A

Stimulates growth or uterus, Fallopian tubes and vagina. Delays bone loss at menopause. Increases progesterone receptors

32
Q

What are the actions of progestins?

A

Production of secretory endometrium, decreased uterine motility, stimulation of mammary gland growth, increased body temperature, increased ventilation, antagonism of aldosterone action and decreased sodium retention

33
Q

What are the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle?

A

Follicular, ovulatory and luteal

34
Q

What is the muscular layer of the uterus called?

A

Myometrium

35
Q

What is the glandular layer called?

A

Endometrium

36
Q

What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle?

A

Menstrual, proliferative and secretory

37
Q

What happens during the menstrual phase

A

Endometrium degeneration and shedding

38
Q

What’s the proliferative phase?

A

Endometrium proliferation

39
Q

What is the secretory phase?

A

Endometrium glandular secretion

40
Q

What is menopause?

A

The depletion of functional follicles and decreased sensitivity to gonadotropin. Results in a loss of the menstrual cycle

41
Q

What’s the estrogen source during menopause?

A

Aromatization of androgen

42
Q

What does the adipose tissue due during menopause?

A

Estrone production

43
Q

What happens during menopause because of estrogen deficiency

A

Bone loss, increased risk of CVD, and increased not flashes

44
Q

What’s premenstrual syndrome?

A

Occurs during the luteal phase. Symptoms include: irritability, depression, weight gain, breast tenderness and headache

45
Q

What is dysmenorrhea!

A

Painful menstruation. Uterine prostaglandin production leading to periodic uterine contractions, ischemia and pain.

Symptoms: pain, nausea, diarrhea

46
Q

What’s the treatment for dysmenorrhea

A

Inhibitors of Prostaglandin production, and prevention of ovulation (birth control pills)

47
Q

What are characteristics of Turner’s syndrome?

A

Short statue, webbed neck and low set ears

48
Q

What’s polycystic ovary syndrome?

A

It’s a hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis defect.
Excess androgen secretion leads to acne, hair growth etc.

There irregular menstrual cycles, male pattern baldness, obesity etc

49
Q

What’s 21-hydroxylase deficiency

A

Masculization of female fetus. Increased androgen secretion, decreased cortisol and aldosterone. Increased ACTH

Endocrinology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions