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Anatomy And Physiology > Female reproductive system > Flashcards

Female reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the external genitalia called

A

The vulva

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2
Q

What are the internal reproductive organs

A

The vagina, the uterus, two uterine tubes and two ovaries

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3
Q

What are the different parts of the vulva

A

The mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, the prepuce, fourchette, vestibule, urethral orifice, vaginal orifice, the greater vestibular glands, clitoris

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4
Q

What is the mons pubis

A

Rounded pad of fat laying anterior to the symphysis pubis

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5
Q

What is the labia majora

A

Two folds of fat and areolar tissue covered with skin and pubic hair on the outer surface and have a smooth inner surface

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6
Q

What is the labia minora

A

Two small subcutaneous folds that lie between the labia majora, the upper layer passes above the clitoris to form the prepuce which overhangs the clitoris, the lower layer passes below the clitoris to form the frenulum of the clitoris

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7
Q

What is the prepuce

A

Retractable piece of skin formed by the labia minora which surrounds and protects the clitoris

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8
Q

What is the fourchette

A

Produced by the labia minora fusing posteriorly

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9
Q

What is the vestibule

A

The area enclosed by the labia minora in which the openings of the urethra and the vagina are situated

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10
Q

What is the urethral orifice

A

Immediately in front of the vaginal orifice, on either side lie the openings of the skene’s ducts two small blind-ended tubules 0.5 cm long running the urethral wall

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11
Q

What is the vaginal orifice

A

Partially closed by the hymen, a thin membrane that tears before or during penetrative sexual intercourse

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12
Q

What are the greater vestibular glands

A

Two small glands that open on either side of the vaginal orifice, they secrete mucus which lubricates the vaginal opening

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13
Q

What is the clitoris

A

Majority of clitoral tissue is internal, not external
External part- clitoral glans densely filled with nerve ending
Internal part- extremely vascular,erectile tissue
The erectile bodies- paired bulbs and paired corpora which are continuous with the crura

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14
Q

What is the blood supply

A

Internal and external pudendal arteries and corresponding veins

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15
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage

A

Inguinal glands

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16
Q

What are the nerve supply

A

Branches of the pudendal nerve

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17
Q

What is the vagina

A

A canal from vestibule to the cervix, passing upwards and backwards into the pelvis along the line of the pelvic brim

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18
Q

What is the function of the vagina

A

Passage and escape of menstrual flow, receives the penis and ejaculate during inter course, provides exit of emus during birth

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19
Q

What is the location of the vagina

A

Anterior- bladder
Posterior- rectum
Superior- uterus
Inferior - external genitalia

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20
Q

What is the structure of the vagina

A

Posterior wall- 10cm long
Anterior wall- 7.5 cm as cervix projects at right angles into upper part
Upper end= vault
cervix projects into the vault forming fornices
Posterior fornix- largest as vagina attached to uterus at higher level behind
Lateral fornices- lie either side
Anterior fornix- in front of the cervix

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21
Q

What is the lining of the vagina

A

Squamous epithelium, arranged in rugae, kept moist by cervical secretions pH 4.9-3.5 acidic due to presence of doderlein bacilli

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22
Q

What is the muscle layer of the vagina

A

Weaker inner circular fibres and stronger outer longitudinal fibres

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23
Q

What is the pelvic fascia of the vagina

A

Connective tissue surrounding the vagina

24
Q

What is the uterus

A

Hollow, pear- shaped muscular organ located in the true pelvis between the bladder and the rectum, position of uterus is one of anteversion ( leans forward) and anteflexion ( bends forwards upon itself)

25
Q

What is the fungus of the uterus

A

Domed upper wall between the insertions of the uterine tubes

26
Q

What is the cornuae of the uterus

A

Upper outer angles of the uterus where the uterine tubes join

27
Q

What is the corpus of the uterus

A

Makes up the upper two- thirds of the uterus

28
Q

What is the cavity of the uterus

A

Within the body of the uterus triangular in shape

29
Q

What is the isthmus of the uterus

A

7mm long situated at the junction of the body and cervix

30
Q

What is the perimetrium layer of the uterus

A

Layer of peritoneum draped over the uterus and uterine tubes

31
Q

What is the myometrium layer of the uterus

A

Inner- circular fibres around the cornua and cervix
Middle- interlacing spiral fibres
Outer- longitudinal fibres, from the cervix anteriorly over the fungus to the cervix posteriorly

32
Q

What is the endometrium layer of the uterus

A

Functional- which thickens and is shed during menstrual cycle
Basal- which functional layer regenerates every cycle

33
Q

What is the cervix

A

Part of the uterus
The lower part sits within the vagina and the upper part sits above the vagina

34
Q

What is the cervical canal within the cervix

A

Is made up of columnar epithelium that secretes mucus

35
Q

What is the muscle fibres if the cervix

A

Are embedded in collagen enabling it to stretch in labour

36
Q

What is the internal os of the cervix

A

Narrow opening between the isthmus and cervix

37
Q

What is the external os of the cervix

A

Small round opening at the lower end of the cervix

38
Q

What is the blood supply of the uterus

A

Uterine and ovarian arteries- branches of internal iliac artery
Venous drainage- corresponding veins

39
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterus

A

Lumbar and hypogastric nodes

40
Q

What is the nerve supply of the uterus

A

11th, 12th thoracic and 1st lumbar nerve cervix by sacral nerves 2,3 and 4

41
Q

What is the uterine tubes

A

Two tubes each leading from an ovary into the uterus

42
Q

What is the function of the uterine tubes

A

Propels the ovum towards the uterus, receives the spermatozoa as they travel upwards and provides a site of fertilisation

43
Q

What is the position of the uterine tubes

A

Extend laterally from the cornua of the uterus towards the side walls of the pelvis,they arch over the ovaries, the fringed ends hovering near the ovaries in order to receive the ovum, held in place by their attachment to the uterus and the peritoneum

44
Q

What is the interstitial portion of the uterine tubes

A

Is 1.25 cm long and lies within the wall of the uterus, it’s lumen is 1 mm wide

45
Q

What is the isthmus of the uterine tubes

A

Another narrow part that extends for 2.5 cm from the uterus

46
Q

What is the ampulla of the uterine tubes

A

Wider portion where fertilisation usually occurs, it’s 5 cm long

47
Q

What is the infundibulum of the uterine tubes

A

Funnel- shaped fringed end that is composed of many processes known as fimbriae, one fimbria is elongated to form the ovarian fimbria which is attached to the ovary

48
Q

What is the structure of the uterine tubes

A

Longitudinal and circular muscle, lining of ciliated columnar epithelium, wafts ovum from infundibulum towards the uterus, contains folds or pelican, contains goblet- shaped cells which produce secretions to nourish the ova

49
Q

What is the blood supply of the uterine tubes

A

Ovarian and uterine arteries- branches of the internal iliac artery and corresponding veins

50
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterine tubes

A

Lumbar glands

51
Q

What is the nerve supply of the uterine tubes

A

Ovarian plexus and the parasympathetic system

52
Q

What is the function of the ovaries

A

Produces oocytes and the hormones, oestrogen and progesterone

53
Q

What is the position of the ovaries

A

They are attached to the uterus by the ovarian ligaments, 3cm x 2cm x 1cm, almond shaped

54
Q

What is the medulla of the ovaries

A

Supporting framework which is made of fibrous tissue; the ovarian blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves travel through it, the Hulu’s is where these vessels enter the ovary

55
Q

What is the cortex of the ovaries

A

Functioning part of the ovary, it contains the ovarian follicles in different stages of development, surrounded by stroma

Anatomy And Physiology (19 decks)

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