female reproductive system Flashcards
female’s ABILITY TO REPRODUCE is one of its properties
female reproductive system
the more ________ the animal, the _______ the process of ____________.
the more PRIMITIVE the animal, the SIMPLER the process of REPRODUCTION
female gametes are called
ova
functions of female reproductive system
- formation of ova
- reception of spermatozoa
- provision of suitable environments for fertilization and fetal development
- parturition
- lactation
parturition is also known as
childbirth
production of milk is known as
lactation
external genitalia are known collectively as the
vulva
external genitalia consists of
labia majora and minora
clitoris
vaginal orifice
vestibule
hymen
vestibular glands
vestibular glands are also known as
Bartholin’s glands
two large folds
labia majora
labia majora is also known as
greater lips
what glands does labia majora contain
bartholin’s glands
helps in lubrication during intercourse
bartholin’s glands
where hair grows
mons pubis
labia minora is also known as
lesser lips
two smaller folds
labia minora
what splits in front to enclose the clitoris
labia minora
corresponds to the penis
clitoris
contains sensory nerve endings and erectile tissue
clitoris
small pea-shaped structure that is important for sexual excitement
clitoris
situated on both sides near the vaginal opening
vestibular glands
secretes mucus that keeps the vulva moist
vestibular glands
branches from internal pudendal arteries
arterial supply
forms a large plexus that drains to the internal iliac veins
venous drainage
through superficial inguinal nodes
lymph drainage
branches from pudendal nerves
nerve supply
roughly triangular area extending from the
base of the labia minora to the anal canal
Perineum
gives attachment to the muscles of the
pelvic floor
Perineum
Internal Genitalia
Vagina, uterus,
Two uterine tubes
Two ovaries
fibromuscular tube lined with
stratified squamous epithelium.
Vagina
runs obliquely upwards and backwards at what angle
45 degrees
how long is anterior wall
7.5 cm long
how long is posterior wall
9 cm
thin layer of mucous membrane
Hymen
partially occludes the opening of the vagina
Hymen
normally incomplete to allow for passage
of menstrual flow and is stretched or
completely torn away
Hymen
The vaginal wall has three layers
areolar tissue,
smooth muscle
stratified squamous epithelium
OUTER COVERING of vaginal wall
areolar tissue
MIDDLE LAYER of vaginal wall
smooth muscle
INNER LINING that forms ridges or rugae of vaginal wall
stratified squamous epithelium
t/f
vaginal wall has secretory glands but the surface is NOT KEPT moist by CERVICAL SECRETIONS
f
vaginal wall has NO secretory glands but the surface is KEPT moist by CERVICAL SECRETIONS
bacteria that secrete lactic acid
Lactobacillus acidophilus
t/f
Lactobacillus acidophilus maintains a pH between 5.0 and 5.5.
f
4.9 and 3.5.
acts as the receptacle for the penis during sexual intercourse (coitus)
Vagina
provides an elastic passageway through which
the baby passes during childbirth.
Vagina
coitus means
sexual intercourse
a hollow muscular pear-shaped organ
Uterus
located anteroposteriorly in the pelvic
cavity.
Uterus
lies in the pelvic cavity between the urinary
bladder and the rectum
Uterus
uterus is about ______ long, ______ wide and its walls are about _______ thick
7.5 cm, 5 cm, 2.5 cm
uterus weighs between
30 and 40 grams
Parts of the Uterus
Fundus
Body
Cervix
DOME-SHAPED PART of the uterus above the openings of the uterine tubes.
Fundus
the MAIN PART of uterus and is narrowest inferiorly at the internal os to the cervix
Body
neck of the uterus
cervix
PROTRUDES THROUGH THE ANTERIOR WALL of the
vagina
Cervix
Layers of the Uterus
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
OUTERMOST layer of the uterus
perimetrium
Anteriorly fold of peritoneum forms
vesicouterine pouch
Posteriorly the peritoneum forms the….
rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)
MIDDLE layer of uterus
Myometrium.
THICKEST LAYER of tissue in the uterine wall.
Myometrium.
a MASS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE FIBERS interlaced with
areolar tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.
Myometrium.
INNERMOST layer of the uterus
Endometrium
Made up of the COLUMNAL EPITHELIAL cells
Endometrium
Consist mucous secreting TUBULAR GLANDS
Endometrium
Supporting Structures to the Uterus
Broad ligaments
Round ligaments
Uterosacral ligaments
Transverse cervical (cardinal) ligaments
formed by a DOUBLE FOLD of peritoneum, one on each side of the uterus
Broad ligaments
BANDS OF FIBROUS TISSUE between the two layers of broad ligament.
Round ligaments
originate from the POSTERIOR WALLS OF CERVIX and vagina and extend backwards, one on each side
of the rectum, to the sacrum
Uterosacral ligaments
EXTEND FROM EACH SIDE of the cervix and
vagina to the side walls of the pelvis.
Transverse cervical (cardinal) ligaments
lie in the UPPER FREE BORDER OF BROAD LIGAMENT and their trumpet-shaped lateral ends
penetrate the posterior wall
fallopian tube
end of each tube has FINGERLIKE PROJECTIONS called
fimbriae
LONGEST and is in CLOSE ASSOCIATION with the ovary.
ovarian fimbria
uterine tubes are covered with
peritoneum (broad ligament)
structure of the uterine tubes have a _________ and are lined with _______
middle layer of smooth muscle, ciliated epithelium
t/f
BLOOD, NERVE SUPPLY, and LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE are as for the UTERUS
t
t/f
uterine tubes DOES NOT PROPEL the OVUM from the ovary to the uterus by PERISTALSIS and CILIARY MOVEMENT
f
uterine tubes PROPEL the OVUM from the ovary to the uterus by PERISTALSIS and CILIARY MOVEMENT
The _______ of the uterine tube nourish both
ovum and spermatozoa
secretions
t/f
The secretions of the uterine tube only nourishes ovum
f
The secretions of the uterine tube nourish BOTH
ovum and spermatozoa.
what is the process where the OVUM TAKES PLACE IN the UTERINE TUBE and the ZYGOTE IS PROPELLED into the UTERUS for IMPLANTATION
Fertilization
fertilization: ______
____________: uterus
fertilization: uterine tubes
implantation: uterus
the female gonads
ovaries
glands PRODUCING sex hormones and the ova
ovaries
lie in a SHALLOW FOSSA on the lateral walls of the
pelvis
ovaries
They are _______ long, _____ wide and ______ thick.
2.5-3.5cm, 2cm, 1cm
t/f
BLOOD VESSELS and NERVES pass to the OVARY but does not pass through the MESOVARIUM
f
BLOOD VESSELS and NERVES pass to the OVARY through the MESOVARIUM
Structure of the Ovaries
Medulla.
Cortex.
ovaries layer that lies in the CENTER and consists of FIBROUS TISSUE, BLOOD VESSELS, and NERVES
Medulla
ovaries layer that SURROUNDS the medulla.
Cortex
cortex has a framework of connective tissue or _______, covered by ________
stroma, germinal epithelium
ovaries layer that contains OVARIAN FOLLICLES in various stages of maturity, each of which contains an ovum
cortex
organ in which the FEMALE GAMETES ARE STORED AND DEVELOPED prior to ovulation.
ovary
maturation is controlled by the _________
and the __________
hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland
also known as mammary glands
breasts
Breasts exist also in the male, but in what form
rudimentary form
consist of varying amounts of glandular tissue, responsible for milk.
mammary glands
Each breast contains how many lobes
20 lobes
glandular structures WHERE MILK IS PRODUCED
lobules
Lobules open into ________, which drain
milk towards the nipple
lactiferous ducts
Breast itself is covered in ______
subcutaneous fat.
t/f
glandular tissue PROLIFERATES (hyperplasia) to support milk production, and DOES NOT RECEDE again after lactation stops
f
glandular tissue PROLIFERATES (hyperplasia) to support milk production, and RECEDES again after lactation stops
a small conical eminence at the center
of the breast
Nipples
pigmented area that surrounds the nipples
areola.
numerous sebaceous glands the LUBRICATE THE NIPPLE during lactation
Montgomery’s tubercles
supplied with blood from the thoracic branches of the AXILLARY ARTERIES and from the INTERNAL MAMMARY and INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES.
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymph drainage
Nerve supply
Arterial supply
formed by an anastomotic circle round the base of the nipple axillary and mammary veins.
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymph drainage
Nerve supply
Venous drainage
mainly into the superficial axillary lymph vessels and nodes
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymph drainage
Nerve supply
Lymph drainage
breasts are supplied by branches from the 4th, 5th and 6th thoracic nerves.
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymph drainage
Nerve supply
Nerve supply
breasts are supplied by branches from the ___, ___ and ___ thoracic nerves.
4th, 5th, 6th
