Female Reproductive System Flashcards by Erin Bennett

What are the parts of the female reproductive tract?

Ovary
Oviduct
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Vulva

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What are the functions of the ovary?

Gametogenesis (Production of oocytes)

- Steroidogenesis (Production of Estrogen, Progesterone, Relaxin, Testosterone and inhibin)

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What are the functions of the oviduct?

Gamete transport

- Site of fertilization

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What are the functions of the uterus?

Retains and nourishes the embryo and fetus

- PGF2 alpha - Luteolysis of the corpus luteum and expulsion of the fetus

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What are the functions of the cervix?

Prevents microbial contamination of the uterus
Reservoir for semen and transport of spermatoza
Site of semen deposition during normal mating

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What are the functions of the vagina?

Organ of copulation

- Site of semen deposition during natural mating

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What are the parts of the ovary?

Cortex
Medulla
Superficial epithelium
Tunica albuginea

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What is contained within the medulla?

Blood vessels
Nerves
Connective tissue

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What is contained within the cortex?

Oocyte - follicle
Corpora hemorrhagica
Corpora lutea
Corpora Albicantia
Sex hormones

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What is the tunica albuginea?

connective tissue

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What are the types of follicle?

Primary follicle
Secondary Follicle
Growing follicle
Mature follicle

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What are the characteristics of a primary follicle?

Developing oocyte

- One layer of follicular cells

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What are the characteristics of a secondary follicle?

2 layers of follicular cells

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What are the characteristics of a growing follicle?

Antrum

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What is an antrum?

Fluid filled area inside the developing follicle

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What are the characteristics of a Mature follicle?

It is a graafian follicle

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What is the structure of a graafian follicle?

Antrum - Filled with steroids, nonhormonal factors and inhibin
Theca externa - fibrous collagen and muscle
Theca interna - capillary network - LH receptors and Androstenedione
Basement membrane - Separate theca interna from granulosa layer
Granulosa cells - surround antrum + forms cumulus oophorus and corona radiata

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What is the function of the basement membrane in graafian follicles?

Prevents entry of vascular system into granulosa layer

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What is ovulation stimulated by?

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What happens during ovulation?

Follicle ruptures expelling follicular fluid, some granulosa cells and the ovum surrounded by cumulus cells

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What is the oocyte surrounded by?

Corona radiata (Granulosa cells)

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What is the corpus luteum?

Yellowish body formed by the proliferation of a mixture of theca and granulosa cells

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What do luteal/ Corpus luteum cells secrete?

Progesterone

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What are other forms of a corpus luteum?

Corpus hemorrhagicum

- Corpus albicans

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What is a Corpus hemorrhagicum?

Ruptured follicle with its blood filled cavity

What is a Corpus Albicans?

Regressed corpus luteum: looses yellow color and eventually appears as a small white scar on the surface of the ovary

What is Monotocous?

Ovulation of one oocyte during each estrus

What is Polytocous?

Ovulation of multiple oocytes during each estrus

What are different types of reproductive patterns?

- Spontaneous - -> Seasonal and non-seasonal - Induced - -> Seasonal and non-seasonal

What are the parts f the oviduct?

- Infundibulum - Ampulla - Isthmus - Utero-tubal Juncation

What is the infundibulum?

Fimbriated end that recieves the ova following ovulation

What is the Ampulla?

Funnel like structure where fertilization occurs

What is the Isthmus?

Long tube embedded in the mesosalpinx

What is the Utero-tubal Junction?

Physiological junction between oviduct and uterus | - Reservoir for sperm

What are the layers of the oviduct?

- Serosa - Muscularis - Smooth muscle - Mucosa Lining

What are the different parts of the Broad ligament?

- Mesoovarian - Mesosalpinx - Mesometrium

What is the Mesoovarian located?

Ovary at hilus | - Utero-ovarian artery

What is the Mesosalpinx located?

Oviduct - Middle uterine artery and illiac artery - Pregnancy diagnosis

What is the Mesometrium located?

Uterus | - Post uterine artery

What is the broad ligament?

Peritoneal folds

What are the supportive structures of the female reproductive tract?

- Nerves - -> Autonomic nerves (SNS and PNS) - -> Sensory Nerves (Vulva and clitoris) - Lymphatics - Blood supply - -> Hypogastric artery - Broad ligament - -> Mesoovarian - -> Mesosalpinx - -> Mesometrium - Prexiform structure (Ovarian Artery and Uterine Vein)

What are the parts of the uterus?

- Horn - Body - Cervix

What is the internal structure fo the uterus?

- Maternal prominences (Caruncles) | - Fetal chorionic villi (Cotyledon)

What makes up the placentome?

- Maternal prominences (Caruncles) | - Fetal chorionic villi (Cotyledon)

What is the placentome?

Unit that forms the placenta

What are caruncles?

Endothelium of the maternal blood vessel - connective tissue of the uterine mucosa - Uterine epithelium

What are cotyledons?

- epithelium of chorion - contis of fetal membrane - endothelium of blood vessels of allantochorion

What are the badic types of uteri in mammals? how many vaginas(V)/cervixes(C)/uterine(U) horns do they have?

- Advanced Duplex - 2V, 2C, 2U - Duplex - 1V, 2C, 2U - Bicornuate - 1V, 1C, 2U - Biparte - 1V, 1C, 2U - Modified Biparte - 1V, 1C, 1U - Simplex - 1V, 1C, 0U

What is contained within the perimetrium?

Broad ligament

What is contained within the myometrium?

Muscles

What is contained within the endometrium?

- Blood vessels - Glands - Epithelium

What is the location and structure of uterine glands?

- Open into the suface of the lumen of the uterus | - Located between the caruncles in some species or at any point in others

What is the role of progesterone on uterine glands?

Glandular growth and epithelial proliferation

What happens during menstruation?

Sloughing of epithelium and glands

What are some abnormalities of the uterus?

- Pyometra | - Endometritis

What is Pyometra?

Pus or leucocytes build up in the uterine lumen | - remove existing cause of infection

What is Endometritis?

- Infection of uterine wall - Thickening of uterine wall - Enlargement of uterus

How can you fix uterine abnormalities?

- Uterine contractors, antibiotics or luteolytic

What is the Cervix?

A thick walled part of the uterus that is composed of non-elastic connective tissue, connective tissue, Muscle layers and secretory cells

What is the Vagina?

Connects the cervix to the urethral orfice | - Composed of Serosa and muscularis layers

What is the Vestibule?

- Hymen to the lips of the vulva | - Urogenital part

What is the Vulva?

- The entrance to the reproductive internal organs | - Lips are prominent during estrus