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Unit 7: Microscopic Anatomy > Female Reproductive II > Flashcards

Female Reproductive II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four divisions of the oviduct?

A
  1. infundibulum
  2. ampulla
  3. isthmus
  4. intramural part
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2
Q

What are the three layers of the oviduct?

A
  1. inner mucosa
  2. middle muscularis
  3. outer serosa
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3
Q

Where are the mucosal folds the most elaborate in the oviducts?

A

the ampulla

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4
Q

What type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the oviducts?

A

simple columnar

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5
Q

What is the function of the ciliated cells in the oviduct?

A

sweep the oocyte complex or fertilized embryos toward the uterus

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6
Q

What is the function of the secretory or peg cells of the oviduct?

A

nourish and protect gametes/embryos

capacitate sperm activation

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7
Q

What layer of the oviduct mucosa contains smooth muscle to support fimbriae movement?

A

lamina propria

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8
Q

What are 3 effects of estrogen secretion in the oviducts?

A
  1. cilia elongation
  2. increased secretion by secretory cells
  3. hypertrophy of epithelium
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9
Q

Where is the oviduct muscularis more defined and thick?

A

towards the uterus

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10
Q

What are three functions of the oviduct muscularis?

A
  1. bends the infundibulum to the ovary
  2. sweeps the fimbriae over the ovary surface
  3. peristaltic contractions propel fertilized embryos toward the uterus
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11
Q

What is the change in epithelium of the oviduct serosa?

A

simple squamous –> cuboidal mesothelium

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12
Q

What is the most common place for an ectopic pregnancy?

A

the ampulla of the oviduct

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13
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus?

A

inner endometrium
middle myometrium
outer perimetrium

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14
Q

What type of collagen mostly makes up the uterine stroma?

A

type III

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15
Q

What type of epithelium does the endometrium contain?

A

simple columnar

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16
Q

What are the two artery types in the uterus?

A
  1. spiral arteries supply upper endometrium- functional layer
  2. straight arteries supply lower endometrium- basal layer
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17
Q

What signal causes loss of the functional layer?

A

progesterone loss

-constriction of spiral arteries, hypoxia

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18
Q

Does the menstrual phase endometrium have a surface epithelium?

A

no

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19
Q

What type of glands are in the menstrual phase endometrium?

A

very short glands

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20
Q

What hormone promotes the proliferative phase?

A

estrogen - its a mitogen

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21
Q

What are three descriptions of the proliferative phase endometrium?

A
  1. thick
  2. numerous mitotic figures
  3. long, straight, narrow glands
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22
Q

What hormone promotes the secretory phase of the endometrium?

A

progesterone

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23
Q

Describe the glands of the secretory phase of the endometrium?

A

coiled

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24
Q

Secretory cells secrete glycogen by which mechanism, and glycoprotein by which mechanism?

A

glycogen- apocrine

glycoprotein- merocrine

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25
Q

What effect does secretion from the secretory glands have on the uterine glands?

A

dilates them

26
Q

What structure in the secretory endometrium provides abundant blood flow to the placenta in the event of pregnancy?

A

vascular lacunae

27
Q

What are four descriptions of the secretory phase of the endometrium?

A
  1. very thick
  2. dilated coiled uterine glands
  3. secretory product accumulated in secretory cells
  4. prominent spiral arteries
28
Q

What forms the maternal and fetal placenta?

A

trophoblast - fetal placenta

endometrium - maternal placenta

29
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

endometrial stromal and parenchymal cells outside the uterus - passes retrograde through oviducts

-hormone sensitive - undergoes growth and bleeding cyclically

30
Q

What is a chocolate cyst?

A

endometrial tissue invades the tunica albuginea

brown accumulated blood

31
Q

What is the thickest layer of the uterine wall?

A

myometrium

32
Q

What are three changes in the uterine myometrium that occur during pregnancy?

A
  1. hyperplasia
  2. hypertrophy
  3. increased collagen production
33
Q

What are fibroids?

A

benign smooth muscle tumors in the myometrium

very common

34
Q

What is the perimetrium continuous with?

A

the broad ligament

35
Q

What type of epithelium is in the cervical mucosa?

A

simple columnar

36
Q

Describe the cervical glands?

A

long, non-coiled, branching tubular glands with wide lumens

37
Q

What does the cervical glands secrete?

A

mucus

38
Q

What results from occlusion of cervical gland ducts ?

A

nabothian cysts

39
Q

How does the epithelium change at the transformation zone between the external os and the vagina?

A

simple columnar mucosal epithelium –> stratified squamous mucosa

40
Q

What is important about the transformation zone?

A

most common site of cervical carcinomas

41
Q

What is the function of the glycogen that the vaginal epithelium secretes?

A

fermented to lactic acid by lactobacilli - creates acidic environment

42
Q

Are there glands in the vagina?

A

nope

43
Q

Does the vagina have a adventitia or serosa?

A

adventitia

44
Q

What type of glands underlie the areola?

A
  1. sebaceous
  2. sweat glands
  3. glands of montgomery - modified mammary
45
Q

What are two types of mammary glands?

A
  1. modified apocrine sweat glands

2. compound tubuloalveolar glands

46
Q

What is a breast lobe?

A

all glands associated with one lactiferous duct and sinus

47
Q

How many lobes per breast?

A

15-25

48
Q

What is a breast lobule?

A

intralobular ducts, secretory elements in loose CT stroma

49
Q

What is a terminal duct lobular unit?

A

breast lobule + interlobular duct

50
Q

What are 3 changes in the breasts that occur during puberty?

A
  1. estrogen –> enlargement
  2. duct system elongates
  3. adipose and CT accumulate
51
Q

What epithelium makes up the ducts?

A

simple cuboidal

52
Q

How does the menstrual cycle affect the breast ?

A

early in the cycle - duct lumens reduced

at ovulation - secretory cells inc in height, produce secretions

53
Q

Describe how the breast changes with pregnancy?

A
  1. parenchyma grows

2. plasma cells, lymphocytes infiltrate

54
Q

What happens to the breast during the first half of pregnancy?

A

intralobular duct cells proliferate
end buds form at duct ends
duct cells become basophilic

55
Q

What happens to the breast during the second half of pregnancy?

A

end buds hollow out to form alveoli

fat and protein droplets accumulate

56
Q

What hormones promote milk secretion in the breasts?

A

prolactin - secretion

oxytocin - myoepithelial contraction

57
Q

Describe colostrum

A

first secretion released after child birth

high protein, vit a, ABs

58
Q

How is the protein and lipid portions of milk secreted?

A

protein - merocrine

lipid - apocrine

59
Q

What happens to the breasts during menopause?

A
  • atrophy of parenchyma: alveoli dissapear, ducts persist

- reduction of stroma

60
Q

What is the lifetime risk of breast cancer?

A

1 in 7

-most common diagnosed cancer in women

61
Q

Where does breast cancer most frequently arise from

A

terminal duct lobular unit

Unit 7: Microscopic Anatomy (4 decks)

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