Female reproductive anatomy

Question 1

Uterus

Answer 1

Pear shaped, composed of fundus, body and cervix
Normally bent forward on itself (anteflexion)
Axis of cervix forms 90 degree angle with vagina- (anteversion)
Blood supply through uterine artery- bridge over the water, runs anterior to ureter
Endo, peri, myometrium

Question 2

The ligaments of the uterus

Answer 2

• Broad ligament: double layer of peritoneum covering uterus ant/post.
  Extends from sides of uterus to lat. walls of pelvis and into pelvic floor

Carries- uterine tubes, ovaries (mesovarium connected), round ligament of uterus, ovarian ligament, lympathic vessels/nerves, uterine and ovarian vasculature

Question 3

Uterus- relations

Answer 3

Anteriorly- vesico-uterine pouch
- superior surface of bladder

Posterior relations- recto-uterine pouch

Laterally- broad ligament

Question 4

The ovaries

Answer 4

Almond shaped organs, attached to posterior region of broad ligament by mesovarium
Ovarian ligament passes from ovary > cornu of uterus (support)
Suspensory ligament of ovary attached to lat. ovary, and to lat. pelvic wall- ovarian artery, vein, lymphatic vessels and nerves travel in this ligament

Question 5

Ovarian artery

Answer 5

Branch off abdominal aorta, lies inferior to renal artery, superior to inferior mesenteric A (L2/L3)

Question 6

Uterine tubes

Answer 6

Approx. 10cm in length, lie in the free edge of the broad ligament
Each tube opens into cornu of the uterus

Question 7

What are the 4 parts of the uterine tubes?

Answer 7

1. Infundibulum- bugle shaped extremity, mouth of which overlies ovary- fimbriated
2. Ampulla- wide, tortuous and thin walled
3. Isthmus- narrow straight and thick walled
4. Interstitial part- part of uterine tube which pierces wall of uterus

Question 8

Lymphatic drainage of reproductive organs

Answer 8

Lumbar- fundus/upper half of uterus body, uterine tube
Internal iliac- Cervix, upper vagina
External iliac- lower uterus
Sacral- lower vagina

Question 9

Breast anatomy

Answer 9

15-20 lobes of glandular tissue, embedded in adipose- separated by ligaments of cooper, fibrous septa running from subcutaneous tissue to fascia of CW

Question 10

Lymphatic drainage of breast

Answer 10

75% into axillary nodes
Medial drainage to parasternal nodes
Inferior abdominal lymph nodes
Contralateral drainage to opposite breast also
Remember palpate into axilla in breast exam