Female Repro Tract Flashcards
The goal of reproduction is?
Self-replacement
Reproduction is an efficient process?
No
What are the 3 major structures of the female Repro tract?
Ovaries, oviducts, uterus
The ovary contains what that is fixed at birth?
Oocytes
What’s the fate of most egg and sperm cells?
Death
The ovary is in a constant state of what?
Change
The oocytes are contained within what?
Follicles
Where does the oocyte go first after ovulation?
Infundibulum
Where is the fertilization site?
In the ampullary- isthmus junction
Post ovulation, the oocyte becomes a blood clot known as the?
Corpus hemogarricum
When do we consider day zero ?
When the female is in estrus o shows signs of standing heat
After becoming the ch, the oocyte becomes what?
The corpus luteum
What is the white body that the oocyte becomes after the cl called?
Corpus albicans
The CL stimulates What hormone in order to stop follicular growth?
Progesterone
What does an increase in estradiol or estrogen mean?
That the follicle is growing
The ovary is composed of what 4 things?
Tunica albuginea, cortex, medulla, follicles
What is the tunica albuginea?
The single layer of cuboidal cells that surrounds the ovary
The cortex is the outermost or innermost layer?
Outermost
The cortex houses the oocytes throughout what stages?
CL had CA
What is the innermost layer of the ovary?
Medulla
What does the medulla house?
Vasculature, nerves, lymphatics
Why is the mare different in ovarian structures?
Because the medulla and the cortex are reversed
Where does ovulation occur mare?
At the ovulation fossa
What are the 3 primary functions of the ovary?
Produce ova, estrogen and progesterone, oxytocin, relaxin, inhibin, and activin
Follicles prior to puberty should be
Quiet
Some follicles grow in response to what hormone?
FSH
What is follicular growth called?
Folliculogenesis
What is an immature, surrounded by squamous cells follicle called?
Primordial
When an oocyte becomes surrounded cuboidal cells it’s called?
Primary oocyte
What 2 things can happen to the primary oocyte?
They can go into a secondary follicle or degenerate
Is the secondary oocyte under hormonal control?
No
What structure appears in a secondary oocyte?
The zona pellucida
What is another term for the tertiary follicle?
Antral follicle, graafian
What follicle increases estradiol?
Antral
What is the antrum and in which follicle does it appear?
It’s a fluid filled cavity that appears in the tertiary follicle
What are the 5 layers of the female repro tract from outermost to innermost?
Serosa, muscularis (circular-inner,longitudinal - outer), submucosa, mucosa, lumen
What does contractility contribute to the female repro tract?
Transportation of secretory products
This separates the rectum from the female repro tract? It’s what allows for manual palpation in certain species
Rectogenital pouch
The peritoneum is the abdominal wall that one point fuses with a ligament that supports and suspends the tract in the body cavity. What is that ligament?
The broad ligament
The posterior vagina is made up of what type of cells?
Stratified squamous
What are the 4 parts of the oviduct?
Infundibulum, ampulla, Al junction, isthmus
The 3 structures of the uterus are…
Vagina, cervix, uterine horns
In ruminants, there are connection spots on the uterine horns. What are maternal part of them called?
Caruncles
If an ovary has a functioning, growing follicle present it will not have a functioning what present?
CL
What does the Zona pellucida have the allows sperm to bind to the ovary?
Glycoproteins
What can the zona pellucida prevent?
Polyspermy
The 3 layers of the preovulatory follicle are:
Theca externa, Theca interna, and Granulosa
What is p4?
Progesterone
How many follicles for potential embryos?
One
The oocyte is caught by?
The infundibulum.
Finger-like projections in the infundibulum that increase surface area and the chance of catching the oocyte are called?
Fimbriae
Ciliated columnar cells are found where?
In the ampulla
The 3rd reservoir for spermatozoa in the female is the?
Isthmus
The uterotubal junction connects what 2 things?
The isthmus and the uterus
In the cow, what happens to the UTJ when estradiol decreases?
It straightens
In the sow, the UTJ can prevent ?
Polyspermy.
Luteolysis kills the CL via what hormone?
Prostaglandin
What are the 4 types of uteruses?
Duplex, marsupial, bicornuate, simplex
The myometrium of the uterus is the? The endometrium?
Myometrium=muscularis
Endometrium= mucosa, submucosa
An increase in estrogen levels mean the degree of the uterus?
Increases
The uterus becomes flaccid or quiet when?
P4 levels decrease
What is the endometrium composed of?
Mucosa /submucosa
The glands in the endometrium produce what macromolecules into the lumen?
Proteins
What is the maternal portion of the placenta in ruminants?
Caruncles
What is the fetal portion of the placenta in ruminants?
Cotyledon
What is the main fxn of the placenta?
Protection
In what species does ejaculation occur post-vaginally?
Sow
In the mare, what does the cervix do in response to estradiol?
Dilate
What is the copulatory organ that is poorly organized and it’s the passive birth canal?
Vagina
The external genitalia of the female repro syst
Vulva
The area surrounding the anus and vulva
Perineum
What is the erectile tissue in females?
Clitoris
