Embryogenesis

Question 1

Pituitary development

Answer 1

Coordinated series of events of the control center

Question 2

What does embryogenesis mean?

Answer 2

Differentiation of organs from germ layers

Question 3

Which germ layer does the reproductive system originate from?

Answer 3

Mesoderm of the ICM

Question 4

The pituitary gland is composed of

Answer 4

Anterior and posterior

Question 5

What eventually surrounds the pituitary gland?

Answer 5

Sphenoid bone or sella turcica

Question 6

The adenohypophysis is better known as

Answer 6

Anterior pituitary

Question 7

What is the origin of the ap?

Answer 7

Roof of embryo’s mouth (Rathke’s pouch)

Question 8

What is the name of the pouch that diverts into the a.p.?

Answer 8

Rathke’s pouch

Question 9

The posterior pituitary is better known as

Answer 9

Neurohypophysis

Question 10

The origin of the pp?

Answer 10

Infundibulum

Question 11

What hormone is released by the hypothalamus to signal the pituitary?

Answer 11

GnRH

Question 12

Where do primordial germ cells migrate to after developing?

Answer 12

Genital ridge

Question 13

Sex is evident by which trimester?

Answer 13

1st

Question 14

Sex differentiation is regulated by what protein and where is it located?

Answer 14

SRY protein in the Y chromosome

Question 15

If the SRY protein is not present, what does that mean?

Answer 15

The embryo will develop into female repro tract

Question 16

The SRY protein is synthesized by what ?

Answer 16

Sex cords in the male

Question 17

What duct disappears in males?

Answer 17

Müllerian

Question 18

What hormone is produced only by males so the Müllerian duct disappears?

Answer 18

Anti-müllerian hormone

Question 19

What is the ligament that helps testis travel significantly and exerts downward pressure?

Answer 19

Gubernaculum

Question 20

What 2 peritoneum layers cover the testis?

Answer 20

Visceral and parietal vaginal tunic

Question 21

What are the 3 phases of testicular descent?

Answer 21

1-growth and elongation of fetal body ( gubernaculum fuses to base of peritoneal cavity)

2- rapid growth of extra abdominal gubernaculum (testis forced into inguinal canal)

3- shrinkage of gubernaculum within scrotum (small knot)

Question 22

In what phase does testosterone starts being produced in small amounts?

Answer 22

In the rapid growth of the extra abdominal gubernaculum

Question 23

What are the 2 issues that may occur if testicular descent does not occur as it should?

Answer 23

1- cryptoorchidism (failure of descent through inguinal canal)

2- inguinal hernia (intestines pass through inguinal Canal)

Question 24

What duct gives way to the female reproductive tract?

Answer 24

Paramesonephric duct

Question 25

What needs to Be absent for the female reproductive tract to develop?

Answer 25

SRY protein, Sertoli cells, and Anti-Müllerian hormone

Question 26

Are the reproductive tract of both males and females intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 26

Retroperitoneal

Question 27

Freemartinism is an example of abnormal embryogenesis in which species?

Answer 27

Cattle 

Question 28

If cryptorchidism is unilateral what happens to the animals reproductive performance?

Answer 28

Fertility decreases But it is still able to fertilize

Question 29

What Type of cryptorchidism must occur for the animal to be sterile and still produce testosterone?

Answer 29

Bilateral

Question 30

Why is a freemartin heifer sterile?

Answer 30

Because she is exposed to testosterone and anti-müllerian hormone

Question 31

Why may a Freemartin heifer express bull like behavior?

Answer 31

Because the ovaries secrete testosterone and male androgens