Embryogenesis Flashcards
Pituitary development
Coordinated series of events of the control center
What does embryogenesis mean?
Differentiation of organs from germ layers
Which germ layer does the reproductive system originate from?
Mesoderm of the ICM
The pituitary gland is composed of
Anterior and posterior
What eventually surrounds the pituitary gland?
Sphenoid bone or sella turcica
The adenohypophysis is better known as
Anterior pituitary
What is the origin of the ap?
Roof of embryo’s mouth (Rathke’s pouch)
What is the name of the pouch that diverts into the a.p.?
Rathke’s pouch
The posterior pituitary is better known as
Neurohypophysis
The origin of the pp?
Infundibulum
What hormone is released by the hypothalamus to signal the pituitary?
GnRH
Where do primordial germ cells migrate to after developing?
Genital ridge
Sex is evident by which trimester?
1st
Sex differentiation is regulated by what protein and where is it located?
SRY protein in the Y chromosome
If the SRY protein is not present, what does that mean?
The embryo will develop into female repro tract
The SRY protein is synthesized by what ?
Sex cords in the male
What duct disappears in males?
Müllerian
What hormone is produced only by males so the Müllerian duct disappears?
Anti-müllerian hormone
What is the ligament that helps testis travel significantly and exerts downward pressure?
Gubernaculum
What 2 peritoneum layers cover the testis?
Visceral and parietal vaginal tunic
What are the 3 phases of testicular descent?
1-growth and elongation of fetal body ( gubernaculum fuses to base of peritoneal cavity)
2- rapid growth of extra abdominal gubernaculum (testis forced into inguinal canal)
3- shrinkage of gubernaculum within scrotum (small knot)
In what phase does testosterone starts being produced in small amounts?
In the rapid growth of the extra abdominal gubernaculum
What are the 2 issues that may occur if testicular descent does not occur as it should?
1- cryptoorchidism (failure of descent through inguinal canal)
2- inguinal hernia (intestines pass through inguinal Canal)
What duct gives way to the female reproductive tract?
Paramesonephric duct
What needs to Be absent for the female reproductive tract to develop?
SRY protein, Sertoli cells, and Anti-Müllerian hormone
Are the reproductive tract of both males and females intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal
Freemartinism is an example of abnormal embryogenesis in which species?
Cattle 
If cryptorchidism is unilateral what happens to the animals reproductive performance?
Fertility decreases But it is still able to fertilize
What Type of cryptorchidism must occur for the animal to be sterile and still produce testosterone?
Bilateral
Why is a freemartin heifer sterile?
Because she is exposed to testosterone and anti-müllerian hormone
Why may a Freemartin heifer express bull like behavior?
Because the ovaries secrete testosterone and male androgens
