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Endo II > Female Repro Physiology > Flashcards

Female Repro Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Events of Puberty

A
  • Gonadarche-the earliest gonadal changes of puberty
  • Andrenarche-increase amount of weak androgen
  • Thelarche-Breast tissue appears
  • Menarche-First menstruation occurs
  • Spermarche-First sperm production occurs
  • Pubarche-Pubic hair appears
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2
Q

Theca Cells role

A

Stimulated by LH to convert cholesterol to androstenedione

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3
Q

Role of Granulosa Cells

A
  • Stim by FSH to convert androstenedione to Estradial + produce inhibin
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4
Q

Role of SHBG

A

Amplify estrogen effects

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5
Q

Estrogen effects during pregnancy

A
  • stimulate myometrial development
  • INC MSH -> Hyperpigmentation
  • INC vacsularity of URT
  • Breast Ductal grwoth
  • Coordinated contractions
  • Cervical Ripening
  • Uterine responsiveness to oxytocin
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6
Q

Estrogen Effect on Organ System

A
  • epiphyseal closure
  • DEC LDL; INC HDL
  • maintain BV felxibility
  • INC skin elasticity
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7
Q

Effects of Progesterone

A
  • thickens cervical mucous
  • Prevents Uterine contractions
  • Raises Body temp
  • Inhibits FSH/LH
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8
Q

Progesterone during pregnancy

A
  • maintain pregnancy
  • form mucous plug
  • INC alveolar lobular development
  • Prevent milk production
  • DEC airway resistance
  • INC Vasodilation
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9
Q

OCP Most common SEs

A
  • Breakthrough bleeding
  • HTN
  • Thrombosis (INC Clotting factors)
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10
Q

OCP Contra

A
  • Smokers > 35 YO

- Hx of DVT/PE

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11
Q

Major events of Follicular Phase

A

INC GnRH Pulse Freq -> INC FSH -> INC Estradial + Neg feedback

INC Estradial -> Recruitment of follicles

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12
Q

What makes up a primary follicle?

A

Oocytes + single layer of granulosa cells

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13
Q

What occurs at day 14 of menstual cycle?

A

Brief LH surge stimulates valuation -> Follicle rupture -> Oocytes ejection

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14
Q

Mittelschmerz

A
  • mid-cycle pain due to enlarged follicle or follicle rupture w/ bleeding; can mimic appendicitis
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15
Q

Major events Beginning Luteal phase

A
  • empty follicle collapses + turns into sus luteum
  • CL produces progesterone
  • endometrium becomes highly vascularized
  • Egg travels through Fallopian tube
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16
Q

Late Luteal phase major events

A

No Fertilization: Corpis luteum apoptosis -> DEC Progesterone -> Menstruation

FertilizationL -> embryonic tissue makes hCG -> Corpus luteum produce estrogen, progesterone

17
Q

Which hormone maintains suppression of LH/FSH?

A

Progesterone

18
Q

Hormone feedback on brain at different Points in menstrual cycle?

A

Follicular: Neg feedback Estrogen on AP/HT

Mid cycle: Pos feedback Estrogen on AP/HT

Luteal: Neg feedback Progesterone on AP/HT

19
Q

Two Types of Amenorrhea

A

Primary: failure of menses at puberty; anatomic or genetic abnormality

Secondary: Cessation of normal menders after prior normal periods

20
Q

Mulleririan Dysgenesis

  • path
  • Labs
A
  • Primary amenorrhea
  • Path: Failure of Müllerian duct development; normal ovaries
  • Labs: Normal
21
Q

Most common cause of 2nd amenorrhea

22
Q

Cause of “Hot Flashes”

A
  • Hypothalamicthermoregulatory dysfunction -> vasomotor instability
  • Tx HRT
23
Q

PCOS

  • Et
  • S/S
  • LabDx
  • Tx
A
  • Et: Genetics + diet/obesity; androgens -> estrone (in adipose)-> DEC Estrogen -> Anovulation
  • S/S: Obesity; hirsutism; Amenorrhea; acne; infertility; risk of DM; Acanthosis Nigricans
  • LabDx: LH:FSH ratio > 2:1; Ultrasound w/ multiple follicular cysts
  • Tx: WL; OICs; Spironolactone; Metformin/TZDs
24
Q

Day of implantation

A
  • 6 days after fertilization
25
Q

Role of hCG in pregnancy

A

Similar structure to LH; binds LH receptors and:

  • maintains corpus luteum
  • prevents menses
  • maintains pregnancy through 10 weeks
26
Q

Vascular changes in pregnancy

A
  • progesterone -> vasodilation -> DEC SVR + BP
  • Late pregnancy supine hypotension f/ baby pressing on SVC
  • Varicose veins f/ baby pushing on pelvic vein
27
Q

Hemodynamic changes in pregnancy

A
  • Salt/Water retention
  • INC EPO + RBC Mass (However, hemodilution occurs due to greater INC in Plasma Volume)
  • INC factors + DEC Protein S -> Hyper-coagulable state
28
Q

Pulmonary changes in pregnancy

A
  • INC Ventilation + TV

- Estrogen-induced congestion + epistaxis

29
Q

GI Changes pregnancy

A
  • Progesterone -> delayed emptying + peristalsis -> constipation
  • DEC Gallbladder emptying time -> Cholestasis
30
Q

Integ changes pregnancy

A
  • hyperpigmentation of skin + nipples
  • Stretch marks
  • Spider Nevi + Palmar erythema
31
Q

Neg regulator prolactin

32
Q

What suppresses milk production before childbirth

A

Estrogen + progesterone

33
Q

Drugs that cause hyperprolactinemia

A
  • antipsychotics

- antiemetics

Endo II (18 decks)

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