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Patho Exam 2 > Female Physiology > Flashcards

Female Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Both of these are needed for oogenesis

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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2
Q

The process of developing the ova or the female gamete

A

Oogenesis

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3
Q

This is formed from the remnants of the follicle and maintains hormonal production

A

Corpus luteum

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4
Q

This contains highly vascular connective tissue and ovarian follicles

A

Cortex

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5
Q

This is a fluid filled cavity in the center of the follicle that is formed by the granulosa cells proliferating

A

Antrum

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6
Q

A mature follicle is called

A

A dominant or Graafian follicle

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7
Q

Involves ejection of the oocyte and formation of the corpus luteum from the follicle remnants

A

Ovulation

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8
Q

The uterine tubes include

A
  1. Fallopian tubes

2. Oviducts

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9
Q

The oocyte is swept into the uterine tube by these that are fingerlike extensions at the end of the tube

A

Fimbriae

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10
Q

The bent region of the Fallopian tubes

A

Ampulla

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11
Q

This is the usual site of fertilization

A

Ampulla

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12
Q

The uterus has 3 basic layers:

A
  1. Perimetrium- outermost serous later
  2. Myometeium- smooth muscle layer that is stimulated to contract during parturition
  3. Endometrium- mucosal lining of the uterine cavity
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13
Q

The endometrium is divided into these 2 layers:

A
  1. Stratum functionalis or functional layer

2. Stratum basalis or basal layer

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14
Q

Oogenesis depends upon the release of the steroid hormones

A

Estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries

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15
Q

Describe the negative feedback loop for female hormones

A

The hypothalamus releases GnRH which stimulates the release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary. LH acts on the theca cells stimulating them to secret androgens that are converted into estrogen by the FSH. A surge of LH leads to ovulation. FSH acts on the granulosa cells stimulating them to secrete estrogen. The corpus luteum releases estrogen and progesterone exerting a negative feedback signal to prevent follicles from developing.

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16
Q

This hormone works with estrogen to inhibit muscle contraction of uterus

A

Progesterone

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17
Q

This hormone promotes oogenesis follicle development, and stimulates growth on bone, breast tissue, fat deposition, and widening/lengthening of pelvis.

A

Estrogen

18
Q

The ovarian cycle is divided into these 3 phases:

A
  1. Follicular phase
  2. Ovulation
  3. Luteal phase
19
Q

This phase in the ovarian cycle is proliferation of the follicular/granulosa that is followed by the formation of the theca and zona pelucida. Selection of the dominant follicle occurs around day 7 in which the antrum expands and the corona radiata forms. Days 1-14 of the cycle.

A

Follicular phase

20
Q

Only the dominant or Graafian follicle undergoes ovulation. Meiosis I is completed and a polar body is formed.

A

Ovulation

21
Q

Phase in the cycle day 15-28 that is after ovulation where a new gland is formed called the corpus luteum. Corpus luteum remains for about 10 days unless fertilization takes place.

A

Luteal phase

22
Q

This is inflammation of the vagina causing vaginal discharge, itching, swelling, and burning. Commonly caused by candida albicans, trigomonas vaginalis, or bacterial vaginosis

A

Vaginitis

23
Q

Inflammation of the cervix commonly caused by c. Albicans, t. Vaginalis, neisseria gonorrhea, Gardnerella vaginalis, chlamydia, and herpes.

A

Cervicitis

24
Q

Acute inflammatory response to reproductive tract. Causes include both stis and endogenous organisms.

A

Pelvic inflammmatory disease

25
Q

Caused mainly by HPV.

A

Cervical cancer

26
Q

One of the most common gynecologic cancers that affects women ages 55-65. Is strongly associated with excessive estrogen stimulation and endometrial hyperplasia. Usually presents as bleeding.

A

Endometrial (uterine) cancer

27
Q

2nd most common gynecologic cancers and carried the highest mortality of all genital cancers combined. Increases in incidence with age and is related to the length of time that the woman’s ovarian cycle has not been supressed.

A

Ovarian cancer

28
Q

Are common benign tumors in myometrium of the uterus

A

Fibroids

29
Q

Are a common cause of enlarged ovaries and often benign

A

Ovarian cysts

30
Q

Lack of menstruation due to hormonal dysfunction.

A

Amenorrhea

31
Q

Painful menstruation often caused by increased prostaglandins (stimulate smooth muscle contraction, often under progesterone control)

A

Dysmenorrhea

32
Q

Hormone that relaxes and increases flexibility of pelvic ligaments and pubic symphysis

A

Relaxin

33
Q

Hormone prepares breast tissue for lactation

A

Human placental lactogen

34
Q

Hormone increases maternal metabolism during pregnancy

A

Human chorionic thyrotropjn

35
Q

Fetal development occurs

A

Cephalocaudal

36
Q

3 periods of fetal development

A
  1. Preembryonic 0-2 weeks
  2. Embryonic 2-8
  3. Fetal development 8 weeks- birth
37
Q

The primary germ layered the fetus including the skin epidermis and nervous system

A

Ectoderm

38
Q

The primary germ layer of the fetus that includes everything else

A

Mesoderm

39
Q

The primary germ layer of the fetus including the epithelial linings of digestive, respiratory, and urogenital systems and glands

A

Endoderm

40
Q

What hormone stimulates milk letdown by contracting smooth muscle cells that are part of the alveoli in mammary tissue?

A

Oxytocin

41
Q

What hormone does that placenta release to start parturition?

A

Prostaglandins

42
Q

What hormone does the mother release to begin parturition?

A

Oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland

Patho Exam 2 (4 decks)

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